Matching
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a. | Voltaire | g. | Jean Jacques Rousseau | b. | John Locke | h. | Cesare Bonesana Beccaria | c. | Montesquieu | i. | Enlightenment | d. | Thomas Hobbes | j. | social contract | e. | Emilie du Chatelet | k. | philosophe | f. | Mary Wollstonecraft |
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1.
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In A Vindication of the Rights
of Women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education of women. She also declared
that women should have the same political rights as men
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2.
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This philosopher's ideas
greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America.He argued against the use of
torture and other common abuses of justice
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3.
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This aristocratic philosopher
was devoted to the study of political liberty. In his famous book On the Spirit of the Laws, he
proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a
government
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4.
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This philosopher strongly
disagreed with other philosophers on a number of matters. For instance, although most philosophers
believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, he argued that civilization
corrupts people's natural goodness
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5.
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This philosopher's
masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the
government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting
for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech
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6.
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This political thinker felt
that people are reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that the purpose of
government is to protect the natural rights of people. If government fails to protect these natural
rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it.
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7.
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This political thinker
believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. He argued, therefore, that strong
governments are necessary to control human behavior. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a
social contract. They give up their rights in exchange for law and order.
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8.
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one of a group of social thinkers in France during the
Enlightenment
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9.
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an 18th-century European
movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to
all aspects of society.
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10.
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the agreement by which people
define and limit their individual rights, thus creating an organized society or
government.
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