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HIS CH 16-1b DICTATORS

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 
 


United States Responds Cautiously

As disturbing as these events in Europe and Asia were to Americans, most believed that the United States should not get involved . In 1928, the United States had joined 61 other nations in signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact, in which they pledged never to make war again. But this agreement still permitted defensive war and did not provide for using economic or military force against nations that broke the pact.

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CLINGING TO ISOLATIONISM
In the early 1930s, a flood of books argued that the United States had been dragged into World War I by greedy bankers and arms dealers. Public outrage led to the creation of a congressional committee, chaired by North Dakota senator Gerald Nye, that held hearings on these charges. The Nye committee fueled the controversy by documenting the large profits that banks and manufacturers made during the war.

The furor over these "merchants of death" made Americans more determined than ever to avoid war. A poll taken in 1937 revealed that fully 70 percent of Americans believed that the United States should not have entered World War I. Anti war feeling was so strong that the Girl Scouts of America changed the color of its uniforms from khaki to green to appear less militaristic. Across the country, college students staged antiwar rallies with banners proclaiming "Scholarships, not battleships."

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Americans' growing isolationism eventually had an impact on President Roosevelt's foreign policy. When he had first taken office in 1933, Roosevelt had felt comfortable reaching out to the world in several ways. He officially recognized the Soviet Union in 1933 and agreed to exchange ambassadors with Moscow. He continued the policy of nonintervention in Latin America, begun by Presidents Coolidge and Hoover, with his Good Neighbor policy and withdrew armed forces stationed there. In 1934, Roosevelt pushed the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act through Congress . This act lowered trade barriers by giving the president the power to make trade agreements with other nations and was aimed at reducing tariffs by as much as 50 percent.

Beginning in 1935, however,
Congress passed a series of Neutrality Acts in an effort to keep the United States out of future wars. The first two acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war. The third act was passed in response to fighting that broke out in Spain in 1936, between the troops of the Fascist general Francisco Franco and forces loyal to the country's elected government. This act extended the ban on arms sales and loans to nations undergoing civil wars.
 

 1. 

Which statement is true about the United States in the 1930’s
a.
America was anxious to get involved in Europe so it could show American superiority
c.
America wanted to stay out of the wars in Europe and Asia
b.
America wanted to get involved in Europe and Asia to profit financially from the wars
d.
Americans did not have any opinion about Japanese and German aggression
 

 2. 

What did President Roosevelt do in regards to the Soviet Union?
a.
he did nothing
c.
he condemned the atrocities of Joseph Stalin
b.
he offered diplomatic recognition
d.
he condemned the dictatorship of Stalin over the Russian people
 

 3. 

Who did the Nye committee label as the "merchants of death".
a.
the Fascists in Italy and Germany
c.
the Japanese because of their attacks on china
b.
the bankers and industrialists who made profits from World War I
d.
those who favored the death penalty
 

 4. 

What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in 1935
a.
keep the U.S. out of future wars
c.
condemn Germany and Japan
b.
force neutrality on Mexico and Latin America
d.
keep the U.S. out of the League of Nations
 
 
NEUTRALITY BREAKS DOWN

Despite congressional efforts to legislate neutrality, many Americans found it difficult not to take sides in the Spanish Civil War. When Hitler and Mussolini came to Franco's aid early in the war, some 3,000 volunteers from the United States responded by forming the
Abraham Lincoln Brigade and traveling to Spain to fight Franco. 'We knew, we just knew," recalled Martha Gellhorn, "that Spain was the place to stop fascism ." Among the volunteers were African Americans still bitter about Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia the year before.

Such limited aid was not sufficient to stop the spread of fascism, however. Hitler and Mussolini, who saw the conflict as a testing ground for their military power, supported Franco with troops, weapons, tanks, and fighter planes. The Western democracies, fearful of triggering a larger war, sent only food and clothing to the anti- Fascist forces . In early 1939, after a loss of 600,000 lives and at a cost of more than $15 billion, the resistance to Franco had collapsed. Europe now had yet another totalitarian government.

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Japan attacks Mancuria, China
Roosevelt himself found it impossible to remain neutral when Japan launched a new attack on China in July of 1937. Since Japan had not formally declared war against China, the president refused to enforce the Neutrality Acts . The United States continued sending arms and supplies to China.

A few months later, Roosevelt spoke out strongly against isolationism in a speech delivered in Chicago. He called on peace-loving nations to "quarantine," or isolate, aggressor nations in order to stop the spread o of war.
At last Roosevelt seemed ready to take a stand against aggression-that is, until isolationist newspapers exploded in protest and letters flooded the White House accusing the president of leading the nation into war. Roosevelt backed off. For the moment the conflicts remained "over there ."
 

 5. 

What was the purpose of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade.
a.
to help the Communist anti-Soviet forces in Russia
c.
to aid the civil-rights movement in Spain
b.
to help the Communist anti-Franco forces in Spain
d.
to aid the civil-rights movement in Russia
 

 6. 

What did Roosevelt do in response to the Japanese attack on Manchuria, China?
a.
ignored it
c.
tried to justify it
b.
sent aid to China
d.
blamed it on the Republicans
 

 7. 

Which statement is true.
a.
Roosevelt saw the need for U.S. intervention in foreign affairs but the people remained isolationist.
c.
Roosevelt saw the need for U.S. intervention in foreign affairs and the people agreed with him
b.
Roosevelt did not see the need for U.S. intervention in foreign affairs but the people did.
d.
Roosevelt did not see the need for U.S. intervention in foreign affairs and the people agreed
 

 8. 

What did Hitler and Mussolini do about the civil war in Spain between the governemnt and Franco?
a.
sent military help to Franco
c.
tried to remain neutral
b.
sent military help to the Spanish government
d.
declared war on Spain
 
 
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 9. 

General Franco became the dictator of _____
a.
Russia
c.
Spain
b.
Germany
d.
Italy
 

 10. 

Who became the Fascist dictator of Italy?
a.
Hitler
c.
Franco
b.
Mussolini
d.
Stalin
 



 
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