HIS CH 10-1 IMPERIALISM

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Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Imperialism

Imperialism is the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM

European nations had been establishing colonies for centuries . By the late 19th century, Africa had emerged as a prime target of European expansionism . Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Portugal, and Spain competed for African raw materials and markets .The European countries were industrial nations and needed the raw materials from Asia and Africa to keep their industries going. These ambitious nations carved up Africa and distributed control of the pieces among themselves.

By the early 20th century, only Ethiopia and Liberia remained independent.The rest of Africa had been divided into European colonies . Americans watched as Great Britain acquired territory not only in Africa but in Asia and the Pacific as well. Soon the expression "The sun never sets on the British Empire" became astonishingly accurate . During the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901), Britain built an empire that included a quarter of the world's land and people .

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM

Imperialism also surfaced in parts of Asia during this period. In its late-19th-century reform era, Japan replaced its old feudal order with a central government modeled on the bureaucracies of Western nations . Hoping that military strength would bolster industrialization, Japan joined European nations in their imperialist competition in China in the 1890s. Although the United States did not seek colonies in Asia, it did compete with other nations to expand trading opportunities with China.

_____is the policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political, or military control over weaker territories

a.	capitalism	c.	socialism
b.	anti-imperialism	d.	imperialism

Why did the European nations want to colonize Africa?

a.	They wanted to steal African technology	c.	They wanted to make Africa and the people who lived there part of Europe
b.	They wanted the raw materials that Africa had for their industries	d.	They wanted to destroy the people who lived in Africa

Which statement is true?

a.	The U.S. was the leading imperial power in Africa	c.	The U.S. was the leading imperial power in Asia and Africa
b.	The U.S. was the leading imperial power in Asia	d.	The U.S. was not really part of the colonization of Africa or Asia

What country was the leading imperial power in Africa and Asia in the late 1800’s?

a.	France	c.	England
b.	Spain	d.	the United States

In the late 1800’s Japan can best be described as

a.	an imperialist nation	c.	a religious dictatorship
b.	a democratic nation	d.	primitive culture

American Imperialism???

Most Americans gradually warmed to the idea of expansion overseas . With a belief in manifest destiny, they already had pushed the U .S. border to the Pacific Ocean . Manifest Destiny was a believe that the United States were destined to reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean.

Three factors fueled the new American imperialism : (1) economic competition among industrial nations ; (2) political and military competition, including the creation of a strong naval force; and (3) a belief in the superiority of European countries and the United States.

Of course many social scientists would argue that America was only doing what all nations do, she was acting in her own self interest.

What was the belief that the U.S. should reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific oceans called?

a.	imperialism	c.	incorporation theory
b.	manifest destiny	d.	the Monroe Doctrine

Though America did not own any territory in Africa or Asia in the late 1800’s, it had imperialist tendencies

a.	true	c.	neither true nor false
b.	false

A THIRST FOR NEW MARKETS

In the United States, imperialism had economic roots, just as it did in Europe and Japan. Advances in technology enabled American farms and factories to produce far more than American citizens could consume. Now the United States needed raw materials for its factories and new markets for its manufactured goods. Imperialists viewed foreign trade as the solution to overproduction and the related problems of unemployment and economic depression. Indiana senator Albert J. Beveridge, a staunch imperialist, defended the pursuit of new territories on economic grounds.

By the turn of the century, the United States had started to fulfill Beveridge's goals. American exports, which had totaled $234 million at the end of the Civil War, rose to $1.5 billion by 1900. By achieving a favorable balance of trade (exporting more than it imported), the United States had become a leading economic power.

By the turn of the century, American imperialist ideas were based mostly on

By the late 1800’s, America

a.	bought more than it sold to foreign markets	c.	had a balance of trade with foreign markets, selling as much as it bought
b.	sold more than it bought to foreign markets	d.	was a debtor nation to Asia and Africa

DESIRE FOR MILITARY STRENGTH

Seeing that other nations were establishing a global military presence, American foreign-policy experts advised that the United States build up its own military strength . Admiral Alfred T. Mahan, president of the Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island, had become one of the most outspoken advocates of American military expansion .

In The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783 (1890), Mahan argued for a strong U.S . navy to defend the peacetime shipping lanes essential to American economic growth . He said the nation also needed strategically located bases where its fleets could refuel . Mahan urged the United States to develop a modern fleet, establish naval bases in the Caribbean, construct a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, and acquire Hawaii and other Pacific islands.

The United States built nine steel-hulled cruisers between 1883 and 1890. The construction of modern battleships such as the Maine and the Oregon transformed the country into the world's third largest naval power. With a modern fleet, the United States set out to accomplish the protectionist goals Mahan had recommended.

10.

Admiral Alfred Mayhan argued that America needed a strong navy to

a.	take control of Asia	c.	get control of colonies in Africa
b.	protect American economic interests	d.	get control of European colonies

11.

Which statement is true?

a.	By 1890 America became a world naval power by building wood hulled ships	c.	America had a powerful army but a weak navy
b.	By 1890 America became a world naval power	d.	America had almost no navy at all

12.

In the United States, battleships are named after

a.	cities	c.	rivers
b.	states	d.	mountains

The United States Takes Hawaii

The Hawaiian Islands had been economically important to the United States for nearly a century. Since the 1790s, American merchants had stopped there on their way to China and East India. In the 1820s, Yankee missionaries founded Christian schools and churches on the islands. Next came sugar merchants, who eventually changed the Hawaiian economy.

HAWAII'S ECONOMY

In the mid-19th century, American-owned sugar plantations accounted for about three-quarters of the islands' wealth . Plantation owners imported thousands of laborers from Japan, Portugal, and China. By 1900, foreigners and immigrant laborers outnumbered native Hawaiians about three to one .

Planters profited from close ties with the United States . An 1875 treaty allowed the sale of Hawaiian sugar in the United States without a duty. In 1887, business leaders in Hawaii forced King Kalakaua to change Hawaii's constitution to grant voting rights only to wealthy landowners . This change basically gave control of Hawaii's government to the American businessmen. Also in 1887, the United States strong-armed Hawaii into signing a treaty allowing the construction of an American naval base at Pearl Harbor.

The McKinley Tariff of 1890 provoked a crisis by eliminating the duty-free status of Hawaiian sugar. As a result, Hawaiian sugar growers faced competition in the American market, especially from Cuban sugar. American planters in Hawaii called for the United States to annex the islands so they wouldn't have to pay the duty.

13.

The first Americans on Hawaii tried to

a.	educate the Hawaiians	c.	both educate and convert
b.	convert the Hawaiians to Christianity	d.	neither educate nor convert

14.

Why did the Americans bring Japanese, Chinese and Portuguese workers into Hawaii

a.	to help convert the Hawaiians to Christianity	c.	to work on the military bases
b.	to work in the factories	d.	to work on the sugar plantations

15.

By the turn of the century the economy of Hawaii was based mostly on

a.	American owned sugar plantations	c.	American owned manufacturing
b.	Hawaiian owned sugar plantations	d.	Hawaiian owned manufacturing

16.

The main interest of America in Hawaii was

a.	native art	c.	economic
b.	medical research	d.	military

17.

Why did the plantation owners want close ties with the United States?

a.	They wanted to make Hawaii the 50th state	c.	The U.S. was a profitable place to sell their sugar
b.	They did not want close ties to the United States	d.	They wanted protection from the Hawaiian military

18.

The U.S. got Hawaii to change its constitution so

a.	only property owners could vote	c.	everyone except women could vote
b.	everyone could vote	d.	everyone but plantation workers could vote

19.

As a result of changes in the Hawaiian constitution in 1875

a.	the native Hawaiians took control of the government	c.	the Hawaiian government became socialist
b.	Americans could control the Hawaiian government	d.	the people of Hawaii lost interest in government

20.

Where did the U.S. build it’s first military base in Hawaii?

a.	San Diego	c.	Pearl Harbor
b.	North Island	d.	Hong Kong

21.

At the time, foreign countries had to pay an import duty (tax) to import products into the United States. Why did the sugar plantation owners want the U.S. to annex Hawaii to be part of the U.S.?

a.	They wanted to make Hawaii a vacation spot for Americans	c.	Hawaiian plantation owners could vote in American elections
b.	They did not want to annex Hawaii	d.	if Hawaii was part of the U.S. it would not have to pay any import taxes

22.

What did the McKinley Tariff of 1890 do

a.	nothing in regards to Hawaii exports	c.	it allowed the U.S. to impose a tax on imported Hawaiian sugar
b.	it encouraged the U.S. to import more sugar from Hawaii	d.	it removed the tax from Hawaiian sugar

Queen Liliuokalani

THE QUEEN IS DEPOSED

When King Kalakaua died in 1891, his sister, Liliuokalani, became queen. Liliuokalani proposed a new constitution that would remove property qualifications for voting . This change would have restored political power over the islands to native Hawaiians.

To prevent this from happening, business groups-with the help of U.S. ambassador John L,. Stevens-organized a revolution against the queen . On the night of January 16, 1893, the U .S .S . Boston appeared in Honolulu harbor. Following Stevens's orders, American marines moved ashore, supposedly to protect American lives and property. At the same time, volunteer troops took over the government building, imprisoned the queen in her palace, and established a provisional government with Sanford B. Dole as president.

REPUBLIC OF HAWAII

Stevens immediately recognized the provisional government, which sent a commission to Washington, D.C. and asked that the islands be annexed. Later a U.S. special investigator blamed Stevens for the revolution,

President Cleveland directed that the queen be restored to her throne . When Dole refused to surrender power, Cleveland-unwilling to use force formally recognized the Republic of Hawaii, but he refused to consider annexation unless a majority of Hawaiians favored it.

In 1897, William McKinley, who favored annexation, succeeded Cleveland as president. On August 12, 1898, Congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, without Hawaiians having had the chance to vote on annexation . At the same time, Cuba, an island much closer to the U.S . mainland, attracted U.S. attention

23.

What did the U.S. Marines do in regards to Queen Liliuokalani?

a.	In effect, they forced her out of power	c.	They put her in a prison
b.	They helped her to stay in power	d.	They ignored her and did nothing

24.

What did Queen Liliuokalani want to do?

a.	Revise the constitution so only native Hawaiians could vote	c.	Restore the Hawaiian military
b.	Revise the constitution so everyone could vote, not just property owners	d.	Annex Hawaii to the United States

25.

Who organized a revolt against Queen Liliuokalani?

a.	President Grover Cleveland	c.	William Dole
b.	President William McKinley	d.	Business leaders led by ambassador John Stevens

26.

The text suggests that Queen Liliuokalani was deposed

a.	so the Hawaiian people could become democratic	c.	so Hawaii could be made a new state
b.	so business people could keep control of the economy	d.	so Hawaii could remain Christian

27.

Which president wanted to annex Hawaii?

a.	Grover Cleveland	c.	John Stevens
b.	William Dole	d.	William McKinley

28.

Who was the first president of the Republic of Hawaii?

a.	Queen Liliuokalani	c.	Ambassador Stevens
b.	Sanford Dole	d.	King Kalakaua

29.

In what year was Hawaii proclaimed a U.S. territory

a.	1896	c.	1898
b.	1900	d.	1878

30.

Which president wanted Queen Liliuokalani put back on the throne of Hawaii?

a.	Grover Cleveland	c.	Theodore Roosevelt
b.	William McKinley	d.	Woodrow Wilson