HIS CW-6 RED SCARE

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HIS CW-6 RED SCARE

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

In the Korean war, _____ was the aggressor.

a.	the United States	c.	South Korea
b.	the United Nations	d.	North Korea

Why did Stalin give his support for an invasion of North Korea into South Korea.

a.	He wanted to defend Korea against Communist China	c.	He wanted to expand Capitalism in Korea
b.	Stalin did not support the invasion.	d.	He wanted to expand Communism into Asia.

Who was the leader of the United Nations forces in Korea?

a.	General George Marshall	c.	Sigmund Rhee
b.	General Douglas MacArthur	d.	General George Patton

What river acts as a natural boundary and separates Korea from China?

a.	Mississippi	c.	Communist Pyongyang
b.	Yalu	d.	Inchon

Why did President Truman fire General Douglas MacArthur?

a.	The U.S. did not need a general because the Korean war was really only a police action.	c.	The North Koreans and the Communist Chinese did not like MacArthur and Truman wanted trade with the Communists.
b.	MacArthur would not obey the President and in the U.S. the civilian President is always superior to the military officers.	d.	President Truman had a better plan for winning the Korean War.

After years of fighting, where was the armistice line finally drawn between North and South Korea?

a.	At the Yalu river on the Chinese border.	c.	Right where the war started, at the 38th parallel.
b.	South of Seoul	d.	North of Pyonyang

The Red Scare 1947 to 1953
As the Cold War intensifies, so do fears in the Soviet Union and the United States of outside influences -- prompting massive campaigns to purge the "enemy within."
By its very nature, Communism is an international movement. The philosophy of Communism advocates that the entire world must be Communist and there is no coexistence with Western Capitalism. There are Communist parties in every nation of the world. Communism advocates the elimination of all private property, the government owns everything. Capitalism advocates the opposite, that all property should be privately owned by the people.
In the 1930’s the United States and the rest of the world was in the “Great Depression.” Many people around the world, including Americans, began to doubt the Capitalist system and turned to Communism and other forms of Socialism. On American college campuses it was “cool” to be a Communist and some Americans joined the Communist party. Some Americans were open about their membership, and some kept there membership secret. We have learned in recent years that many American Communists were spies and agents for the Soviet Union.

Why did many Americans join the Communist party in the 1930’s

a.	Being a Communist was an easy way to become rich	c.	Communism taught that all property should be privately owned.
b.	The Depression caused many to loose faith in the Capitalist system	d.	Capitalism was against private property

Communism was

a.	an international movement	c.	against the law in the United States
b.	a movement only inside the Soviet Union and China	d.	not attractive to college students.

Which statement below is not true?

a.	Some American Communists spied for the Soviet Union	c.	Being a Communist was “cool” on American college campuses in the 30’s
b.	The Great Depression made Communism attractive to many Americans	d.	Though some Americans became Communists they all remained loyal to the United States.

HOLLYWOOD
In the late 1940’s Americans could not understand how they won World War II and seemed to be loosing all over the world to international communism. At home, Americans feared communist subversion and spies. Congress revived the House Committee on Un-American Activities to investigate Communism in the U.S. In 1947, the committee investigated America's film industry. In the late 1940’s Ronald Reagan was head of the actors union called the Screen Actors Guild. Reagan had to fight the communists who made an attempt to take over the actors union. People were afraid that communists in Hollywood were using the movies to promote Soviet Communism while undermining the United States. Some of Hollywood's best-known actors, producers and writers were called to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC).

Most actors and producers cooperated with the committee but 10 witnesses, who became known as the Hollywood Ten, defied the committee's line of questioning. The 10 were imprisoned. Hundreds more in Hollywood, suspected of communist sympathies, were blacklisted by the movie companies and unable to find work.

10.

What was the House Un-American Activities Committee?

a.	a group set up by the communists to promote anti-American activity	c.	an organization set up by the Hollywood movie houses to promote anti-Americanism
b.	a committee set up by Congress to investigate communist influence and activity in the United States	d.	a group set up by 10 people in Hollywood to investigate communism

11.

What famous person was head of the Screen Actors Guild (actors union) in the late 1940’s and fought to keep the communists from taking over the union.

a.	Ronald Reagan	c.	Samuel Goldwyn
b.	Alger Hiss	d.	Joseph McCarthy

12.

When the House Un-American Activities Committee called Hollywood people to testify, a group of witnesses refused to cooperate with the committee so they were put in jail. What was the group called?

a.	Screen Actors Guild	c.	The Hollywood protestors
b.	Actors Union	d.	The Hollywood Ten

13.

Why were some people afraid of Communists in Hollywood?

a.	They thought the Soviet Union might steal the movie industry from us.	c.	They thought that Hollywood Communists might undermine the United States by making communist movies
b.	They thought that Hollywood Communists might give atomic secrets to the Soviets	d.	People were not afraid of communists in Hollywood

14.

Why were Americans confused and alarmed about Communism after World War Two?

a.	They were afraid that the U.S. might have to go to war in Korea	c.	They could not understand how the U.S. won the war and seemed to be loosing to Soviet Communism all over the world.
b.	They thought that the Nazi party might take control in Germany by signing an agreement with the Soviet Union	d.	They though communism might promote illegal immigration from Canada and Mexico

WITCH HUNTS
In the United States there is strong disagreement between Democrats and Republicans and Liberals and Conservatives over the investigation of Communism. Democrats and Liberals usually refer to these investigations as “Witch Hunts” or “The Red Scare.” Republicans and Conservatives believe the investigations were necessary and proper.
Several U.S. politicians became famous through these investigations. A State Department official, Alger Hiss, was accused by a former communist of passing secrets to the Soviet Union. Leading the prosecution against Hiss was a young California congressman named Richard Nixon who later went on to become Vice President and then President. Recent information from the Soviet Unions secret archives proved that he was in fact a Soviet spy who worked in the U.S. State Department and was a top advisor to Presidents Truman and Roosevelt.
Fear of communism also brought Republican Sen. Joseph McCarthy into the limelight. McCarthy was asked by the Senate to investigate communist influence in the U.S.Government. McCarthy was very close to John F. Kennedy and Robert Kennedy served as an advisor to McCarthy

Roy Cohen and Sen. Joe McCarthy

. At first the committee did good work, but soon Robert Kennedy left the committee and a person named Roy Cohen took his place. With Roy Cohen the Senate hearings soon took a wrong turn.
Roy Cohen tried to use his influence to keep his lover from being sent to the war in Korea. When the Army would not agree, he and McCarthy attacked the army. During Senate hearings, McCarthy claimed to have lists of communists in the U.S. military, State Department and other government agencies. For months, McCarthy was able to attack people's reputations at will. He and Cohen eventually fell out of public favor and power -- after he denounced leading Republicans and senior Army officials as communists

15.

How did Joseph McCarthy come to lead the committee investigating communism in the U.S. Government?

a.	the Senate asked him to investigate	c.	he was already a member of HUAC
b.	the House of Representatives asked him	d.	his family had influence in government

16.

What groups did not agree with the investigations of communists and called them “Witch Hunts” and “The Red Scare?”

a.	Republicans and Liberals	c.	Democrats and Liberals
b.	Rep[Republicans and Conservatives	d.	Democrats and Conservatives

17.

What was the name of the Soviet spy who worked in the U.S. State Department and advised Presidents Roosevelt and Truman?

a.	Richard Nixon	c.	Alger Hiss
b.	Roy Cohen	d.	Joe McCarthy

18.

What politician became famous by prosecuting Alger Hiss and then went on to become Vice President under Eisenhower and later president himself

a.	Roy Cohen	c.	Robert Kennedy
b.	Richard Nixon	d.	Joseph McCarthy

19.

All of the following were anti-Communist except

a.	Joseph McCarthy	d.	Robert Kennedy
b.	Richard Nixon	e.	Roy Cohen
c.	Alger Hiss

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Electrocuted for Treason

ROSENBERGS
The fate of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg came to symbolize the excesses of the U.S. Red Scare. The couple were convicted of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union and sentenced to death. Liberals were convinced that they were innocent, Conservatives were convinced that they were guilty. Recent revelations by the Soviet KGB have proven that they were in fact Soviet spies who gave atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union
Despite protests that the death sentence against the Rosenbergs -- who had young children -- was unconstitutional, they became the first U.S. civilians to be executed in peacetime for espionage.

20.

What crime was the Rosenbergs convicted of ?

a.	refusing to testify to the Senate	c.	perjury
b.	stealing money from the State Department	d.	passing atomic secrets to the Soviets

21.

Recent evidence supplied by the Soviet KGB has proven that the Rosenbergs were _____

a.	guilty	c.	only partly guilty
b.	innocent	d.	persecuted by the Soviet Union

STALIN
In 1952, an old but still-unchallenged Stalin presided over the 19th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party. Before a hall packed with international dignitaries, Stalin declared that capitalists were losing the global class struggle and international communism would soon control the world
But at home, Stalin saw treachery everywhere. Most of all, he suspected so-called cosmopolitans, mostly Jewish intellectuals and professionals. In January 1953, nine Kremlin doctors -- five of whom were Jewish -- were accused of plotting with Western intelligence to kill Soviet leaders. The affair inflamed Russian anti-Semitism.
Weeks later, Stalin collapsed of a brain hemorrhage. No one dared treat him as he lay half-conscious on the floor. Stalin died on March 5, 1953. Even those in the Soviet bloc who hated him could not imagine a future without him.

Stalin sent millions of people to death camps called Gulags and had many people executed. Some claim that he killed as many or more people than Adolf Hitler.

22.

What Soviet leader declared that Capitalism was dead and soon communism would take over the world?

a.	Joseph McCarthy	c.	Lenin
b.	Joseph Stalin	d.	Khrushchev

23.

When Stalin claimed that communism would triumph over capitalism, what country was he suggesting would loose the Cold War?

a.	Korea	c.	China
b.	Yugoslavia	d.	United States

24.

In what way was Stalin and Hitler the same?

a.	they both attacked Jews	c.	they were both atheists
b.	they were both Christians	d.	they were both of German ancestry

25.

Hitler was to the concentration camps as Stalin was to _____

a.	the Jews	c.	the Communists
b.	the Gulags	d.	Capitalism

26.

What is anti-Semitism?

a.	hatred of the Nazi’s	c.	hatred of Communism
b.	hatred of Capitalism	d.	hatred of the Jews