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Increases in production related to the Industrial Revolution prompted the United States to

A. advertise for immigrants to increase the consumer market.
B. increase foreign trade to develop new markets.
C. plan its production to match its current population.
D. limit the number of people who could purchase farmland

In the late 1800s, some cities could specialize in one product because

A. railroads could distribute goods to a national market.
B. each city could get raw materials from overseas.
C. production costs, taxes, and tariffs were lowered.
D. customers had more money for specialty products

Before 1920, most immigrants to the United States came from

A. Asia.
B. South America.
C. Europe.
D. the West Indies

Suburbs were able to grow during the early 20th century because

A. skyscrapers and other urban dwellings housed more people.
B. improved transportation allowed people to commute.
C. factories no longer needed to be located along rivers.
D. most industries moved out from cities to smaller towns

According to the map, in the 1890s, the greatest concentration of cities with a population of fifty thousand and over was located in which region of the country?

A. the Southwest
B. the Southeast
C. the Northeast
D. the Northwest

Which reaction to the Americanization movement was most common among immigrants of the late 1800s and early 1900s?

A. accepted it without resistance, fearing punishment or deportation
B. resisted joining labor unions because they had to give up rights
C. resented the pressure to give up elements of traditional culture
D. children largely resisted, while most parents accepted

In many U.S. cities in the 1800s, political machines

A. were headed by officials elected by voters.
B. helped ensure free and fair elections.
C. pushed for reform in selecting judges.
D. controlled activities of political parties

American political parties in the Gilded Age often controlled local elections by

A. providing people with services and favors in exchange for their votes.
B. passing laws that prevented some people from voting.
C. donating money to help register new voters.
D. being sure the newspapers covered the candidates fairly.

Immigrants in the late 1800s often supported political machines because that system

A. could offer help and services to immigrants.
B. protected immigrants from corrupt governments.
C. was unlike government in any part of Europe.
D. threatened immigrants with deportation if they did not cooperate

The cartoon shows a politician from the Gilded Age taking money from a city's vault. The book that forms his body says "Falsified Accounts." Which is the best statement of the cartoon's message?

A. City bosses are the only politicians who can be trusted with public money.
B. Without a strong leader, public funds are tied up in "red tape" and can't be used.
C. Dishonest politicians take advantage of their power to make a lot of money.
D. City bosses should be paid higher salaries so they won't need to steal public money

Companies in a trust agreement

A. turn over company stock to a group of trustees.
B. buy up all the products of their competitors.
C. buy goods only from trusted partners.
D. donate their profits to a group of trustees

In a monopoly, a company has

A. no choice except to sell its products as cheaply as possible.
B. an agreement with the government to set prices fairly.
C. trustees who make decisions by consulting with government.
D. control over an industry by squeezing out small competitors

Some business leaders in the late 1800s were called "robber barons" because they

A. required their workers to address them as royalty.
B. spent time in Europe buying up art treasures.
C. stole from the rich to give to the poor.
D. used ruthless business tactics to get rich

Although it was intended to break up monopolies, business leaders used the Sherman Antitrust Act to

A. gather more stock in railroads and other utilities.
B. limit labor union activities by claiming they interfered with trade.
C. discourage international trade that threatened them.
D. increase their horizontal integration.

The U.S. government supported business after the Civil War by

A. keeping tariffs low so foreign products were not a threat.
B. passing laws to prevent vertical integration.
C. taking over the oil refining industry.
D. giving land grants to railroads

U.S. industry needed international trade during the late 1800s and early 1900s to

A. obtain spare parts for railroad cars and steamships.
B. obtain raw materials and sell more goods to new markets.
C. keep the United States dollar on the gold standard.
D. provide American consumers with a choice of products.

What statement might likely be made by an opponent of Social Darwinism?

A. The wealthiest people have worked the hardest.
B. The poor have created their own economic problems.
C. Businesses succeed or fail because of natural laws.
D. Species adapt differently than society or business

Social Darwinism explained the success of industrial tycoons by saying that these business owners

A. had succeeded by way of government regulation.
B. had been born into wealthy or privileged families.
C. had overcome and eliminated weaker competitors.
D. supported labor reform and other Progressive goals

Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel movement are linked because

A. both tried to address the social conditions of an industrial society.
B. most of their support came from the laborers and immigrants.
C. both preached that the poor were not responsible for that condition.
D. Social Darwinism started as a response to the Social Gospel movement

Which group or groups helped spark the organization of the Populist Party?

A. bankers and businessmen who wanted tax relief
B. African Americans seeking the right to vote
C. women and children needing protection in the workplace
D. farmers and workers who wanted less debt and more power

William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the gold standard because it would

A. eliminate paper money and switch the country to gold coins.
B. allow bankers and businessmen to use either gold or paper money.
C. limit supply and access to money for workers and farmers.
D. increase the supply of paper money, making it almost worthless

The organization and success of the Populist Party showed that

A. the economy is the most important issue in elections.
B. the country was still divided between North and South.
C. the poor and disadvantaged could gain power in government.
D. more African Americans could move to Northern cities

Which is the most likely reason for the change in the total percentage of Christians between 1900 and 2000, as shown in the chart?

A. Millions of Christians emigrated from the United States during the 20th century.
B. The number of immigrants of other religions increased greatly during this time.
C. By the year 2000, most Americans did not think religion was very important.
D. The percentage of Protestants declined steeply between 1900 and 2000.

One reason religious groups during the early 1900s strongly resisted the Americanization movement was that

A. religious immigrants had little patriotic feeling toward America.
B. Americanization would have meant deportation for immigrants.
C. religious immigrants were intolerant toward American customs and religions.
D. Americanization included giving up many religious traditions.