CST CH-7

Name:

CST CH-7

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which of the following is true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?

a.	It decreased Chinese immigration.	c.	It was agreed to by China and the United States.
b.	It resulted in segregated classrooms.	d.	It prohibited Chinese Americans from working in industrial jobs.

The row house was a new type of housing that conserved space by

a.	rising ten or more stories high.	c.	sharing side walls with other buildings.
b.	including an indented middle section.	d.	being built around a park shared with other buildings.

The main purpose of the dumbbell tenement was to

a.	improve slum conditions	c.	lessen the power of political machines.
b.	integrate lower class neighborhoods	d.	provide single-family homes for the middle class

Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by

a.	social reformers.	c.	political machines
b.	new immigrants	d.	industrial workers

The typical supporter of a political machine was all of the following except

a.	poor	c.	a factory worker
b.	urban	d.	opposed to immigration

Tammany Hall was the name of

a.	a famous settlement house	c.	the New York City political machine
b.	the New York Customs House	d.	the federal courthouse in New York City

An example of patronage would be

a.	bribing a government official	c.	saying one thing and doing another
b.	assassinating a public official	d.	appointing a friend to a political position

Who used the power of the presidency to clean up the New York Customs House but was unable to get legislative support for civil service reform?

a.	Grover Cleveland	c.	Benjamin Harrison
b.	Chester A. Arthur	d.	Rutherford B. Hayes

The Stalwarts were strong supporters of

a.	low tariffs.	c.	the spoils system
b.	high tariffs	d.	civil service reform

10.

President Garfield was assassinated by a man who wanted

a.	patronage.	c.	higher tariffs.
b.	lower tariffs	d.	civil service reform

11.

New immigrants arriving on the East Coast gained admission at Angel Island

true

false

12.

The term culture shock is used to describe the confusion and anxiety that many new immigrants experienced.

true

false

13.

The Pendleton Act authorized an independent civil service commission to make government appointments based on the spoils system

true

false

14.

Which of the following is true of the Gentlemen’s Agreement?.

a.	It decreased Japanese immigration.	c.	It caused anti-American rioting in Japan
b.	It resulted in segregated classrooms	d.	It prohibited aliens from working in industrial jobs.

15.

The original purpose of the row house was to

a.	alleviate slum conditions.	c.	provide inner-city housing for wealthy families
b.	integrate lower class neighborhoods	d.	provide single-family homes for working-class families

16.

Buildings called dumbbell tenements got their name from

a.	their shape.	c.	the haste with which they were constructed.
b.	the use to which they were put	d.	the exhausting demands made on the workers who built them

17.

Which of the following was the main interest of the social gospel movement?

a.	social reform	c.	religious reform
b.	political reform	d.	economic reform

18.

Which of the following groups was considered the natural ally of political machines?

a.	nativists	c.	the urban lower class
b.	native-born citizens	d.	the wealthy upper class

19.

Tammany Hall was run by a

a.	judge.	c.	political boss
b.	industrialist	d.	social reformer

20.

The purpose of patronage is to

a.	increase profits	c.	reward one’s supporters
b.	increase efficiency	d.	prevent power from being concentrated in one individual or group.

21.

The Stalwarts were strongly in favor of

a.	nativism	c.	civil service reform
b.	the spoils system	d.	harsh anti-graft measures

22.

Which of the following issues prompted the assassination of President Garfield?

a.	tariffs	c.	immigration
b.	kickbacks	d.	civil service reform

23.

Which president changed his ideas on civil service reform when he gained the presidency?

a.	Grover Cleveland	c.	Benjamin Harrison
b.	Chester A. Arthur	d.	Rutherford B. Hayes

24.

New immigrants arriving on the West Coast gained admission at Ellis Island.

true

false

Making a living in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was not easy. Natural and economic disasters had hit farmers hard, both in Europe and in the United States, and the promise of industrial jobs drew millions of people to American cities. The urban population exploded, jumping from 10 million to 54 million between 1870 and 1920. This rapid urban growth not only revitalized the cities but also created serious problems.

Urban Opportunities

The lure that drew people to the cities was largely the same one that had attracted settlers to the West and immigrants to America-opportunity. The technological boom in the 19th century not only revolutionized age-old occupations, such as farming, but also contributed to the growing industrial strength of the United States. While many settlers were pushing westward to start new lives on the frontier, thousands of other people were drawn to the Northeast and Midwest. The result was rapid urbanization, or growth of cities, in those regions.

25.

Which statement is true about cities at the turn of the century?

a.	The growth of the cities exploded and created many problems	c.	The cities experienced many problems because of limited growth
b.	The cities experienced moderate growth which also presented many problems	d.	The cities grew rapidly and there were few problems

IMMIGRANTS SETTLE IN CITIES
Most of the immigrants who streamed into the United States in the late 19th century became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live. Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories and provided the social support of other immigrant families. By 1890, there were twice as many Irish residents in New York City as in Dublin, Ireland, and the world's largest Polish population was not in Warsaw, Poland, but in Chicago. By 1910, immigrant families made up more than half the total population of 18 major American cities

Most of the immigrants who streamed into the United States in the late 19th century became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and most convenient places to live. Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories and provided the social support of other immigrant families. By 1890, there were twice as many Irish residents in New York City as in Dublin, Ireland, and the world's largest Polish population was not in Warsaw, Poland, but in Chicago. By 1910, immigrant families made up more than half the total population of 18 major American cities.

Immigrants often clustered in ethnic neighborhoods with others from the same country-or even from the same province or village. Living among people who shared their background enabled the newcomers to speak their own language and practice their customs and religion.

At the same time newcomers were able to learn about their new home through a program of education known as the Americanization movement. Schools and voluntary associations provided programs aimed at teaching immigrants the English language as well as American history and government-subjects that were necessary to help the newcomers become citizens. The movement also included the teaching of other subjects, such as cooking and social etiquette, designed to assist the immigrants in assimilating into American culture.

Unfortunately, many native-born Americans felt threatened by these mushrooming ethnic communities and expressed their fear by becoming hostile. Overcrowding soon became a problem as well, one that was intensified by the arrival of new urbanites from America's rural areas.

26.

What did the call the movement to assimilate new immigrants into U.S. culture?

a.	citizenship	c.	Americanization
b.	forced culturalization	d.	cultural erradication

Urban Problems

As the urban population skyrocketed, city governments faced serious problems, such as how to provide adequate housing, transportation, water, and sanitation and how to deal effectively with fire and crime.

HOUSING

When the industrial age began, housing options for working-class families in major cities were few and far from satisfactory. A family could buy a house on the outskirts of town, but its members would have to commute to work on often inadequate public transportation. A family could also rent rooms in a boardinghouse in the central city, sharing kitchen and dining-room facilities with other families. As the urban population increased, however, new types of housing were designed to eliminate some disadvantages of these options. For example, row houses-single-family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar houses-packed many single-family residences onto a single block.

After working-class families moved away from the central city, immigrants often took over their old housing, sometimes with two or three families occupying a one-family residence. As Jacob Riis noted, these multifamily dwellings, called tenements, were overcrowded and unsanitary.

In 1879, to improve such slum conditions, New York City passed a law that set minimum standards for plumbing and ventilation in apartment buildings. To meet these standards, landlords began building dumbbell tenements-long, narrow, five- or six-story buildings that were shaped like barbells. The central part was indented on either side to allow for an air shaft and, thus, an outside window for each room.
Since garbage was picked up infrequently, people sometimes dumped it into the air shafts, where it attracted rats and vermin. To keep out the stench, residents nailed windows shut. Though established with good intent, dumbbell tenements soon became even worse places to live than the converted single-family residences.

TRANSPORTATION

Getting around a city safely and efficiently was as much of a problem as finding a steady job and a decent place to live. Before industrialization, people went on foot or in horse-drawn vehicles. But innovations in mass transit enabled large numbers of workers to go to and from jobs more easily. Street cars attached to moving underground cables were introduced in San Francisco in 1873. In 1888, the first practical electric streetcar line began operating in Richmond, Virginia. In addition, new modes of transportation were developed to take advantage of space available above and below street level. In Boston, for example, electric subways began running underneath the city's busy streets in 1897. By the early 20th century, masstransit networks in many urban areas linked city neighborhoods to one another and outlying communities to the central business district and other focal points. As urban populations kept expanding, cities were hard-pressed to keep old transportation systems in good repair and to build new ones to meet the growing demand.

27.

Which statement is true about housing in the cities

a.	city housing was far superior to rural housing	c.	wealthy and middle class residents tended to remain in their houses making the housing shortage worse
b.	the barbell housing units provided clean safe housing for those lucky enough to get a unit	d.	none of these statements are true

Reformers Mobilize

As problems in cities mounted, some Americans worked to find solutions. Social reformers-mostly young, educated men and women from the middle class-established programs to aid the poor and to improve urban life.

THE SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT

Social welfare reformers targeted their efforts at relieving the poverty of immigrants and other city dwellers. An early reform program, the Social Gospel movement, preached salvation through service to the poor. Social Gospel ministers such as Walter Rauschenbusch of New York City and Washington Gladden of Columbus, Ohio-who called his teachings Applied Christianity- inspired followers to erect churches in poor communities and persuaded some business leaders to treat workers more fairly.

THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT

Inspired by the message of the Social Gospel movement, many 19th-century reformers responded to the call to help the urban poor. In the late 1800s, a few reformers established settlement houses, community centers in slum neighborhoods that provided assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children-especially immigrants. Many settlement workers lived at the houses so that they could learn firsthand about the problems caused by urbanization and help create solutions.

Run largely by middle-class, college-educated women, settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social services. They provided classes in such subjects as English, health, crafts, drama, music, and painting, and offered college extension courses. They sponsored reading circles in which volunteers read books aloud to help educate the illiterate. Settlement houses also sent visiting nurses into the homes of the sick and provided whatever aid was needed to secure "support for deserted women, insurance for bewildered widows, damages for injured operators, furniture from the clutches of the installment store."

Early settlement houses in the United States, founded by Charles Stover and Stanton Coit, opened in New York City in 1886. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded Chicago's Hull House in 1889, and Lillian D. Wald established New York's Henry Street Settlement House in 1893. In 1890, Janie Porter Barrett founded Locust Street Social Settlement in Hampton, Virginia-the first settlement house for African Americans. By 1910, about 400 settlement houses were operating in cities across the country.

The Social Gospel and settlement-house movements firmly established the need for social responsibility toward the urban poor and provided means of addressing some of the ongoing problems of urbanization. A new type of political structure also developed in response to these urban issues. But it soon created problems of its own. These new structures were the big city political machines.

28.

What motivated the Gospel Reformers to work with the poor people of the cities?

a.	they believed they could reach heaven by helping the poor	c.	working with the poor provided an income tax deduction for their churches
b.	they wanted to make money	d.	none of these answers are true.

29.

Which statement is true

a.	Settlement Houses were new immigrants went to live after arriving in America	c.	Settlement houses were places where the inner-city poor could go for help
b.	Settlement Houses were also called “dumbell buildings” because of their shape	d.	all of these statements are true

Jane Addams was a community worker, a champion of organized labor, and a peace advocate. She believed that in all things the best approach to problem solving was to "learn from life itself."

During a trip overseas, she visited England's Toynbee Hall, the first settlement house. She viewed the problems of urban life firsthand-and resolved to do something about them. She cofounded Hull House in Chicago, where she began working to solve neighborhood problems. In time her concerns expanded. She became an antiwar activist, a spokesperson for racial justice, and an advocate for quality-of-life issues, from infant mortality to better care for the aged. In 1931 she was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Until the end of her life, Addams insisted that she was just a "very simple person." But many who know what she accomplished consider her a source of continuing inspiration.

30.

Jane Addams co-founded Hull House in Chicago

a.	true	c.	partly true
b.	false

Political Machines Run the Cities

In the late 19th century, cities were in trouble. Rapid growth, inefficient government, and a climate of Social Darwinism opened the way for a power structure, the political machine, and a new politician, the city boss.

Boss Tweed

THE POLITICAL MACHINE

A political machine was an organized group that controlled the activities of a political party in a city and offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or financial support. In the decades after the Civil War, political machines seized control of local government in major cities such as Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and San Francisco.

The political machine was organized like a pyramid. At the pyramid's base were local precinct workers and captains, who worked to gain voters' support on a city block or in a neighborhood and who reported to a ward boss. At election time, the ward boss worked to secure the vote in all the precincts in the ward, or electoral district. In return for their votes, people received city jobs, contracts, or political appointments. Ward bosses helped the poor and gained their votes by doing favors or providing services. As Martin Lomasney, elected ward boss of Boston's West End in 1885, explained, "There's got to be in every ward a guy that any bloke can go to ... and get help-not justice and the law, but help."

At the top of the pyramid was the city boss. The boss controlled the activities of the political party throughout the city. Like a finely tuned machine, precinct captains, ward bosses, and the city boss worked together to elect their candidates and guarantee the success of the machine.

31.

The political machine ........

a.	offered services to voters	d.	received financial support
b.	offered favors to voters and businesses	e.	all of these are true
c.	received political support

32.

Political machines

a.	were only active in the Northeast cities	c.	took control of most major cities in the U.S.
b.	were active only in hte Midwest cities	d.	had little political power

THE ROLE OF THE POLITICAL BOSS

A city boss controlled thousands of municipal jobs, including those in the police, fire, and sanitation departments. Whether or not the boss officially served as mayor, he controlled business licenses and inspections and influenced the courts and other municipal agencies. Bosses like Roscoe Conkling in New York used their power to build parks, sewer systems, and waterworks and gave money to schools, hospitals, and orphanages. Bosses could also provide government support for new businesses, a service for which they were often paid extremely well.

It was not only money that gave city bosses the drive to deal with urban issues. By solving problems, bosses could reinforce voters' loyalty, win additional political support, and extend their influence.

Mr. Schneemann grew up in a city, Philadelphia, controlled by a Democrat political machine. No one ever paid traffic tickets. If a voter got a ticket, he simply took it to his local ward boss and the ticket was taken care of. At Christmas the ward boss distributed food baskets to the poor. If a person wanted a job with the city he did not stand in a line at the city employment office, He simply went to see his ward boss, who gave him a note to take to city hall where he was hired. What did the ward boss want in return? At election time everyone in the ward voted for the Democrat candidates so our political machine could stay in power. Political machines put a personal face on city government.

33.

At the turn of the century the cities were filled with immigrants who had many problems. One of the reasons political bosses became so powerful was because they helped people to solve their problems.

a.	false, the bosses stole from the immigrants	c.	false, the bosses only cared about the rich people who lived in the cities
b.	the statement is true	d.	false, the bosses did not really have much power

IMMIGRANTS AND THE POLITICAL MACHINE

Immigrants received sympathetic understanding from the political machines and in turn became loyal supporters. Many political bosses were first-generation or second-generation immigrants who had been raised in poverty. Few were educated beyond grammar school. They entered politics early and worked their way up from the bottom. They could speak to immigrants in their own language and understood the challenges that newcomers faced. The bosses not only understood the immigrants' problems but were able to provide solutions. The machines helped immigrants become naturalized, find places to live, and get jobs-the newcomers' most pressing needs. In return, the immigrants provided what the political bosses needed most-votes.

"Big Jim" Pendergast, an Irish-American saloonkeeper, worked his way up from precinct captain to Democratic city boss in Kansas City by aiding Italian, African-American, and Irish voters in his ward. By 1900, he controlled Missouri state politics as well, because he effectively gathered political support.

34.

"Big Jim" Pendergast, was a political boss in

a.	Philadelphia and Kansas City	c.	Chicago and Kansas City
b.	Ireland and Kansas City	d.	Kansas City and Missouri

Municipal Graft and Scandal

Although the well-oiled political machines provided city dwellers with vital services, many political bosses fell victim to greed and corruption as their power and influence grew.

ELECTION FRAUD AND GRAFT

Since the power of political machines and the loyalty of voters were not always enough to carry an election, some political machines turned to fraud. They padded the lists of eligible voters with the names of dogs, children, and people who had died. Then, under those names, they cast as many votes as were needed to win. In a Philadelphia election, for example, a precinct with 100 registered voters returned 252 votes.

Once a political machine got its candidates into office, it could take advantage of numerous opportunities for graft. For example, after hiring a person to work on a construction project for the city, a political machine could ask the worker to turn in a bill that was higher than the actual cost of materials and labor. The worker then "kicked back" a portion of the earnings to the machine. Taking these kickbacks, or illegal payments, for their services made many political machines-and individual politicians-very wealthy.

Other ways that political machines made money were by granting favors to businesses in return for cash and by accepting bribes to allow illegal activities, such as gambling, to flourish. Politicians were able to get away with shady dealings because the police rarely interfered. Until about 1890, police forces were hired and fired by political bosses.

35.

Political machines

a.	believed in fairness and refused to fix elections	c.	fixed elections and did what they needed to do, legal or not, to win
b.	did not tamper with elections because they supported the idea of democracy	d.	did not base their power on elections

36.

The political bosses took kick-backs from workers. A kick-back is

a.	legal in most cities today	c.	a form of taxation
b.	a form of graft	d.	a social service

THE TWEED RING SCANDAL

William Marcy Tweed, one of the earliest and most powerful bosses, became head of Tammany Hall, New York City's powerful Democratic political machine, in 1868. Between 1869 and 1871, the Tweed Ring, a group of corrupt politicians led by Boss Tweed, pocketed as much as $200 million from the city in kickbacks and payoffs. One scheme involving extravagant graft was the construction of the New York County Courthouse, which cost taxpayers 811 million. The actual construction cost was $3 million; the rest of the money went into the pockets of Tweed and his followers.

The widespread, profound graft practiced by Tammany Hall under Boss Tweed's leadership gradually aroused public outrage. Thomas Nast, a political cartoonist, ridiculed Tweed in the New York Times and in Harper's Weekly. Nast's work particularly angered Tweed, who reportedly said, "I don't care what the papers write about me-my constituents can't read; but ... they can see pictures!"

The Tweed Ring was finally broken in 1871. Tweed was indicted on 120 counts of fraud and extortion, and in 1873 he was sentenced to 12 years in jail. After serving two years of his sentence, Tweed escaped. He was later captured in Spain when Spanish officials identified him from a Thomas Nast cartoon. By that time, corruption had become an issue in national politics.

37.

Boss Tweed

a.	was a political machine boss	d.	all of these are true
b.	was governor of New York	e.	none of these are true
c.	a New York church reformer

38.

Tammany Hall

a.	was the name for a New York reform group	c.	was a “gay nineties” music hall
b.	was a name for the New Youk political machine	d.	a sports arena

39.

The Tweed Ring

a.	was a group of honest business leaders in New York	c.	was a group of corrupt political machine leaders led by Boss Tweed
b.	was a group of Republicans loyal to Abraham Lincoln	d.	Boss Tweed’s poker playing buddies

Politics of the Gilded Age
The era in American history from the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) to the turn of the century is known as the "Gilded Age". The name was given to the period by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, who poked fun at the period for its rampant corruption. Although perhaps the least popularly known of all eras of American history, the Gilded Age was extremely important in the formation of modern America. It was a time of dynamic change in various areas, including politics, business, labor unions, race relations, intellectual history, the role of women, foreign affairs, technology, etc. These changes were linked in various ways. Although the Gilded Age, like Twain and Warner's fictional era, was a time of unrestricted corruption, it was also a time of movement toward political reform.
Civil Service Replaces Patronage

The desire for power and money that made local politics corrupt in the industrial age also infected national politics.

PATRONAGE AND THE SPOILS SYSTEM SPUR REFORM

Since the beginning of the 19th century, presidents had complained about the problem of Patronage, or the giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected. The theory was that winning candidates deserved the spoils, or the benefits to be seized after a victory. This method of rewarding political supporters existed as far back as Andrew Jackson's presidency and was known as the spoils system.

People from cabinet members to workers who scrubbed the steps of the Capitol owed their jobs to patronage. As might be expected, some government employees were not qualified for the positions they filled. Moreover, political appointees, whether qualified or not, sometimes used their positions for personal gain.

The spoils system not only led to incompetence and fraud but also interfered with the daily functioning of government. With each change of administration, thousands of positions had to be filled. Instead of addressing important national issues, politicians distributed government jobs.

Reformers began to press for a federal merit system to replace the spoils system. Under the merit system, jobs in civil service-government administration- would go to the most qualified persons, no matter what political views they held or who recommended them. Civil servants would keep their jobs as long as their work was satisfactory.

40.

A politician gives jobs and favors to the people who helped him get elected. This is called

a.	ethical politics	c.	the electoral college
b.	patronage	d.	winner take all

41.

The system of giving supporters patronage after an election is called

a.	democracy	c.	federalism
b.	capitalism	d.	the spoils system

42.

Reformers of the Gilded Age wanted government employment to be

a.	based on ability	c.	rewards for political service
b.	easy to get	d.	hard to get

HAYES LAUNCHES REFORM

About a month after being declared the winner of the 1876 election, President Rutherford B. Hayes wrote in his diary, "Now for Civil-Service Reform." Hayes could not get legislative support for his ideas, so he used other means.

Hayes began by naming independents to his cabinet. One of these officials took the unheard-of step of firing clerks who had no work to do. Hayes also set up a commission to investigate the nation's customhouses, which were notoriously corrupt. On the basis of the commission's report, Hayes fired the two top officials of New York City's customhouse, where all of the more than 1,000 employees had spent most of their time working for the Republican Party. These firings enraged the Republican New York senator and political boss Roscoe Conkling and his supporters, the Stalwarts.

GARFIELD CONTINUES REFORM

Hayes decided not to run for reelection in 1880. At the Republican convention, a free-for-all broke out between the Stalwarts-who opposed changes in the spoils system-and reformers. The reformers themselves were split. One group, the Mugwumps, wanted civil service reform, while the other, the Half-Breeds, wanted reform but were loyal to the party. Since neither Stalwarts nor reformers could win a majority of delegates, the convention settled on an independent presidential candidate, Ohio congressman James A. Garfield.

Garfield had ties to reformers, however, so to balance the ticket, the Republicans nominated for vice-president one of Conkling's supporters, Chester A. Arthur. Arthur, in fact, was one of the two New York customhouse officials Hayes had fired. Despite Arthur's inclusion on the ticket, Garfield gave reform Republicans most of his patronage jobs once he was elected. The Stalwarts were furious.

On July 2, 1881, as President Garfield walked through the Washington, D.C., train station, two gunshots were fired, both wounding the president. His attacker, a mentally unbalanced lawyer named Charles Guiteau, whom Garfield had turned down for a job, shouted, "I did it and I will go to jail for it. I am a Stalwart and Arthur will be president." Garfield finally died from his wounds on September 19, killed, some say, not so much by the bullets as by his doctors' blundering. In any case, Guiteau was convicted of murder and was hanged.

43.

Rutherford Hayes wanted to reform

a.	the American army	c.	the way politicians were elected
b.	the civil service	d.	the budget system

44.

At the Republican convention in 1880, persons who wanted reform were called

a.	Mugwumps	c.	Stalwarts
b.	half-breeds	d.	Conservatives

45.

The person who most opposed Republican President Hayes was political boss _____ and his supporters, called _____.

a.	James Garfield - Mugwumps	c.	Roscoe Conkling - Stalwarts
b.	James Garfield - Stalwarts	d.	Roscoe Conkling - Mugwumps

46.

At the Republican convention in 1880, persons who wanted reform but remained loyal to the party were called

a.	Mugwumps	c.	Stalwarts
b.	half-breeds	d.	Liberals

Matching

a.	Gentlemen’s Agreement	h.	melting pot
b.	settlement house	i.	dumbbell tenement
c.	Angel Island	j.	row house
d.	political machine	k.	Ellis Island
e.	Social Gospel movement	l.	Jane Addams
f.	Americanization movement	m.	urbanization
g.	Chinese Exclusion Act	n.	culture shock

47.

The growth of cities

48.

Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the East Coast

49.

Movement that urged people to help the poor

50.

a mixture of different cultures living together

51.

Program to teach American culture to immigrants

52.

Community center that addressed problems in slum neighborhoods

53.

Home that shared side walls with other similar homes

54.

Confusion and worry from experiencing a new culture

55.

Agreement that limited Japanese emigration to U.S.

56.

Social reformer who helped the poor, supported unions and opposed war

57.

Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the West Coast

58.

Apartment building shaped like a barbell

59.

A group that controlled a political party

60.

Act that limited Chinese immigration

a.	Tammany Hall	h.	kickback
b.	Stalwarts	i.	James A. Garfield
c.	Chester A. Arthur	j.	Thomas Nast
d.	Tweed Ring	k.	civil service
e.	Benjamin Harrison	l.	Rutherford B. Hayes
f.	patronage	m.	Grover Cleveland
g.	Pendleton Act	n.	graft

61.

The giving of government jobs to supporters

62.

Politicians who supported the patronage system

63.

Illegal use of political influence for personal gain

64.

23rd president of the United States passed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 - Lost eh popular vote for president but won the electoral vote

65.

Political cartoonist who ridiculed Boss Tweed

66.

20th president of the United States who was assassinated by an anarchist

67.

A powerful political machine in New York

68.

Act that implemented merit system in civil service hiring

69.

Illegal payment of a portion of one’s earnings to someone else

70.

22nd and 24^th president of the United States who was elected twice for president at different times. Was opposed to federal income tax

71.

19th president of the United States who reformed the civil service system

72.

Group of corrupt politicians led by Boss Tweed

73.

21st President of the United States opposed by the stalwarts and became president when James Garfield was assassinated

74.

The entire government administration