Multiple Choice Identify the choice that
best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of the following is true of the Chinese Exclusion Act?
a. | It decreased Chinese immigration. | c. | It was agreed to by China and the
United States. | b. | It resulted in segregated classrooms. | d. | It prohibited Chinese Americans from working in
industrial jobs. |
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2.
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The row house was a new type of housing that conserved space by
a. | rising ten or more stories high. | c. | sharing side walls with other
buildings. | b. | including an indented middle section. | d. | being built around a park shared with other
buildings. |
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3.
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The main purpose of the dumbbell tenement was to
a. | improve slum conditions | c. | lessen the power of political
machines. | b. | integrate lower class neighborhoods | d. | provide single-family homes for the middle
class |
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4.
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Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by
a. | social reformers. | c. | political machines | b. | new immigrants | d. | industrial
workers |
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5.
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The typical supporter of a political machine was all of the following
except
a. | poor | c. | a factory worker | b. | urban | d. | opposed to
immigration |
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6.
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Tammany Hall was the name of
a. | a famous settlement house | c. | the New York City political
machine | b. | the New York Customs House | d. | the federal courthouse in New York City |
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7.
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An example of patronage would be
a. | bribing a government official | c. | saying one thing and doing
another | b. | assassinating a public official | d. | appointing a friend to a political
position |
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8.
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Who used the power of the presidency to clean up the New York Customs House but
was unable to get legislative support for civil service reform?
a. | Grover Cleveland | c. | Benjamin Harrison | b. | Chester A. Arthur | d. | Rutherford B.
Hayes |
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9.
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The Stalwarts were strong supporters of
a. | low tariffs. | c. | the spoils system | b. | high tariffs | d. | civil service
reform |
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10.
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President Garfield was assassinated by a man who wanted
a. | patronage. | c. | higher tariffs. | b. | lower tariffs | d. | civil service
reform |
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11.
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New immigrants arriving on the East Coast gained admission at Angel
Island
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12.
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The term culture shock is used to describe the confusion and anxiety that many
new immigrants experienced.
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13.
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The Pendleton Act authorized an independent civil service commission to make
government appointments based on the spoils system
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14.
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Which of the following is true of the Gentlemen’s Agreement?.
a. | It decreased Japanese immigration. | c. | It caused anti-American rioting in
Japan | b. | It resulted in segregated classrooms | d. | It prohibited aliens from working in industrial
jobs. |
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15.
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The original purpose of the row house was to
a. | alleviate slum conditions. | c. | provide inner-city housing for
wealthy families | b. | integrate lower class neighborhoods | d. | provide single-family homes for working-class
families |
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16.
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Buildings called dumbbell tenements got their name from
a. | their shape. | c. | the haste with which they were constructed. | b. | the use to which
they were put | d. | the
exhausting demands made on the workers who built them |
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17.
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Which of the following was the main interest of the social gospel
movement?
a. | social reform | c. | religious reform | b. | political reform | d. | economic reform |
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18.
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Which of the following groups was considered the natural ally of political
machines?
a. | nativists | c. | the urban lower class | b. | native-born
citizens | d. | the wealthy upper
class |
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19.
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Tammany Hall was run by a
a. | judge. | c. | political boss | b. | industrialist | d. | social
reformer |
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20.
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The purpose of patronage is to
a. | increase profits | c. | reward one’s supporters | b. | increase
efficiency | d. | prevent power
from being concentrated in one individual or group. |
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21.
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The Stalwarts were strongly in favor of
a. | nativism | c. | civil service reform | b. | the spoils system | d. | harsh anti-graft
measures |
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22.
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Which of the following issues prompted the assassination of President
Garfield?
a. | tariffs | c. | immigration | b. | kickbacks | d. | civil service
reform |
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23.
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Which president changed his ideas on civil service reform when he gained the
presidency?
a. | Grover Cleveland | c. | Benjamin Harrison | b. | Chester A. Arthur | d. | Rutherford B.
Hayes |
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24.
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New immigrants arriving on the West Coast gained admission at Ellis
Island.
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![nar001-1.jpg](cst_ch-7_files/nar001-1.jpg) | Making a living in the
late 19th and early 20th centuries was not easy. Natural and economic disasters had hit farmers hard,
both in Europe and in the United States, and the promise of industrial jobs drew millions of
people to American cities. The urban population exploded, jumping from 10 million to 54 million
between 1870 and 1920. This rapid urban growth not only revitalized the cities but also created
serious problems.
Urban Opportunities
The lure that drew people to the cities
was largely the same one that had attracted settlers to the West and immigrants to
America-opportunity. The technological boom in the 19th century not only revolutionized
age-old occupations, such as farming, but also contributed to the growing industrial strength of the
United States. While many settlers were pushing westward to start new lives on the frontier,
thousands of other people were drawn to the Northeast and Midwest. The result was rapid
urbanization, or growth of cities, in those regions.
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25.
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Which statement is true about cities at the turn of the century?
a. | The growth of the cities exploded and created many problems | c. | The cities
experienced many problems because of limited growth | b. | The cities experienced moderate growth which
also presented many problems | d. | The cities grew rapidly and there were few problems |
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IMMIGRANTS SETTLE IN CITIES Most of the immigrants who streamed into the United
States in the late 19th century became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and most
convenient places to live. Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and factories
and provided the social support of other immigrant families. By 1890, there were twice as many Irish
residents in New York City as in Dublin, Ireland, and the world's largest Polish population was
not in Warsaw, Poland, but in Chicago. By 1910, immigrant families made up more than half the total
population of 18 major American cities
Most of the immigrants who streamed into
the United States in the late 19th century became city dwellers because cities were the cheapest and
most convenient places to live. Cities also offered unskilled laborers steady jobs in mills and
factories and provided the social support of other immigrant families. By 1890, there were twice as
many Irish residents in New York City as in Dublin, Ireland, and the world's largest Polish
population was not in Warsaw, Poland, but in Chicago. By 1910, immigrant families made up more than
half the total population of 18 major American cities.
Immigrants often clustered in ethnic
neighborhoods with others from the same country-or even from the same province or village. Living
among people who shared their background enabled the newcomers to speak their own language and
practice their customs and religion.
At the same time newcomers were able to learn about their
new home through a program of education known as the Americanization movement. Schools and voluntary
associations provided programs aimed at teaching immigrants the English language as well as American
history and government-subjects that were necessary to help the newcomers become citizens. The
movement also included the teaching of other subjects, such as cooking and social etiquette, designed
to assist the immigrants in assimilating into American culture.
Unfortunately, many
native-born Americans felt threatened by these mushrooming ethnic communities and expressed their
fear by becoming hostile. Overcrowding soon became a problem as well, one that was intensified by the
arrival of new urbanites from America's rural areas.
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26.
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What did the call the movement to assimilate new immigrants into U.S.
culture?
a. | citizenship | c. | Americanization | b. | forced culturalization | d. | cultural
erradication |
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Urban Problems
As the urban population skyrocketed, city governments faced
serious problems, such as how to provide adequate housing, transportation, water, and sanitation and
how to deal effectively with fire and crime.
HOUSING
When the industrial age
began, housing options for working-class families in major cities were few and far from satisfactory.
A family could buy a house on the outskirts of town, but its members would have to commute to work on
often inadequate public transportation. A family could also rent rooms in a boardinghouse in the
central city, sharing kitchen and dining-room facilities with other families. As the urban population
increased, however, new types of housing were designed to eliminate some disadvantages of these
options. For example, row houses-single-family dwellings that shared side walls with other similar
houses-packed many single-family residences onto a single block.
After working-class families moved away from the central city,
immigrants often took over their old housing, sometimes with two or three families occupying a
one-family residence. As Jacob Riis noted, these multifamily dwellings, called tenements, were
overcrowded and unsanitary.
In 1879, to improve such slum conditions, New York City passed a
law that set minimum standards for plumbing and ventilation in apartment buildings. To meet these
standards, landlords began building dumbbell tenements-long, narrow, five- or six-story buildings
that were shaped like barbells. The central part was indented on either side to allow for an air
shaft and, thus, an outside window for each room. Since garbage was picked up infrequently,
people sometimes dumped it into the air shafts, where it attracted rats and vermin. To keep out the
stench, residents nailed windows shut. Though established with good intent, dumbbell tenements soon
became even worse places to live than the converted single-family
residences.
TRANSPORTATION
Getting around a
city safely and efficiently was as much of a problem as finding a steady job and a decent place to
live. Before industrialization, people went on foot or in horse-drawn vehicles. But innovations in
mass transit enabled large numbers of workers to go to and from jobs more easily. Street cars
attached to moving underground cables were introduced in San Francisco in 1873. In 1888, the first
practical electric streetcar line began operating in Richmond, Virginia. In addition, new modes of
transportation were developed to take advantage of space available above and below street level. In
Boston, for example, electric subways began running underneath the city's busy streets in 1897.
By the early 20th century, masstransit networks in many urban areas linked city neighborhoods to one
another and outlying communities to the central business district and other focal points. As urban
populations kept expanding, cities were hard-pressed to keep old transportation systems in good
repair and to build new ones to meet the growing demand.
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27.
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Which statement is true about housing in the cities
a. | city housing was far superior to rural housing | c. | wealthy and middle class residents
tended to remain in their houses making the housing shortage worse | b. | the barbell housing
units provided clean safe housing for those lucky enough to get a unit | d. | none of these statements are
true |
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Reformers Mobilize
As problems in cities mounted, some Americans worked to find
solutions. Social reformers-mostly young, educated men and women from the middle class-established
programs to aid the poor and to improve urban life.
THE SOCIAL GOSPEL MOVEMENT
Social
welfare reformers targeted their efforts at relieving the poverty of immigrants and other city
dwellers. An early reform program, the Social Gospel movement, preached salvation through service to
the poor. Social Gospel ministers such as Walter Rauschenbusch of New York City and Washington
Gladden of Columbus, Ohio-who called his teachings Applied Christianity- inspired followers to erect
churches in poor communities and persuaded some business leaders to treat workers more
fairly.
THE SETTLEMENT HOUSE MOVEMENT
Inspired by the message of the Social Gospel
movement, many 19th-century reformers responded to the call to help the urban poor. In the late
1800s, a few reformers established settlement houses, community centers in slum neighborhoods that
provided assistance and friendship to local men, women, and children-especially immigrants. Many
settlement workers lived at the houses so that they could learn firsthand about the problems caused
by urbanization and help create solutions.
Run largely by middle-class, college-educated
women, settlement houses provided educational, cultural, and social services. They provided classes
in such subjects as English, health, crafts, drama, music, and painting, and offered college
extension courses. They sponsored reading circles in which volunteers read books aloud to help
educate the illiterate. Settlement houses also sent visiting nurses into the homes of the sick and
provided whatever aid was needed to secure "support for deserted women, insurance for bewildered
widows, damages for injured operators, furniture from the clutches of the installment
store."
Early settlement houses in the United States, founded by Charles Stover and
Stanton Coit, opened in New York City in 1886. Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr founded
Chicago's Hull House in 1889, and Lillian D. Wald established New York's Henry Street
Settlement House in 1893. In 1890, Janie Porter Barrett founded Locust Street Social Settlement in
Hampton, Virginia-the first settlement house for African Americans. By 1910, about 400 settlement
houses were operating in cities across the country.
The Social Gospel and settlement-house
movements firmly established the need for social responsibility toward the urban poor and provided
means of addressing some of the ongoing problems of urbanization. A new type of political structure
also developed in response to these urban issues. But it soon created problems of its own. These new
structures were the big city political machines.
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28.
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What motivated the Gospel Reformers to work with the poor people of the
cities?
a. | they believed they could reach heaven by helping the poor | c. | working with the
poor provided an income tax deduction for their churches | b. | they wanted to make
money | d. | none of these answers
are true. |
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29.
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Which statement is true
a. | Settlement Houses were new immigrants went to live after arriving in
America | c. | Settlement houses were places where the inner-city poor could go for
help | b. | Settlement Houses were also called “dumbell buildings” because of their
shape | d. | all of these
statements are true |
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![nar005-1.jpg](cst_ch-7_files/nar005-1.jpg) Jane Addams was a community worker, a champion of
organized labor, and a peace advocate. She believed that in all things the best approach to problem
solving was to "learn from life itself."
During a trip overseas, she visited
England's Toynbee Hall, the first settlement house. She viewed the problems of urban life
firsthand-and resolved to do something about them. She cofounded Hull House in Chicago, where she
began working to solve neighborhood problems. In time her concerns expanded. She became an antiwar
activist, a spokesperson for racial justice, and an advocate for quality-of-life issues, from infant
mortality to better care for the aged. In 1931 she was a co-winner of the Nobel Peace
Prize.
Until the end of her life, Addams insisted that she was just a "very simple
person." But many who know what she accomplished consider her a source of continuing
inspiration.
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30.
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Jane Addams co-founded Hull House in Chicago
a. | true | c. | partly true | b. | false |
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Political Machines Run the Cities
In the late 19th century, cities were in
trouble. Rapid growth, inefficient government, and a climate of Social Darwinism opened the way for a
power structure, the political machine, and a new politician, the city boss.
Boss Tweed THE POLITICAL
MACHINE
A political machine was an organized group that controlled the activities of a
political party in a city and offered services to voters and businesses in exchange for political or
financial support. In the decades after the Civil War, political machines seized control of local
government in major cities such as Baltimore, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and San
Francisco.
The political machine was organized like a pyramid. At the pyramid's base were
local precinct workers and captains, who worked to gain voters' support on a city block or in a
neighborhood and who reported to a ward boss. At election time, the ward boss worked to secure the
vote in all the precincts in the ward, or electoral district. In return for their votes, people
received city jobs, contracts, or political appointments. Ward bosses helped the poor and gained
their votes by doing favors or providing services. As Martin Lomasney, elected ward boss of
Boston's West End in 1885, explained, "There's got to be in every ward a guy that any
bloke can go to ... and get help-not justice and the law, but help."
At the top of the
pyramid was the city boss. The boss controlled the activities of the political party throughout the
city. Like a finely tuned machine, precinct captains, ward bosses, and the city boss worked together
to elect their candidates and guarantee the success of the machine.
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31.
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The political machine ........
a. | offered services to voters | d. | received financial
support | b. | offered favors to voters and businesses | e. | all of these are true | c. | received political
support |
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32.
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Political machines
a. | were only active in the Northeast cities | c. | took control of most major cities
in the U.S. | b. | were active only in hte Midwest cities | d. | had little political
power |
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THE ROLE OF THE POLITICAL BOSS
A city boss controlled thousands of municipal jobs, including those in
the police, fire, and sanitation departments. Whether or not the boss officially served as mayor, he
controlled business licenses and inspections and influenced the courts and other municipal agencies.
Bosses like Roscoe Conkling in New York used their power to build parks, sewer systems, and
waterworks and gave money to schools, hospitals, and orphanages. Bosses could also provide government
support for new businesses, a service for which they were often paid extremely well.
It was
not only money that gave city bosses the drive to deal with urban issues. By solving problems, bosses
could reinforce voters' loyalty, win additional political support, and extend their
influence.
Mr. Schneemann grew up in a city, Philadelphia, controlled by a Democrat political
machine. No one ever paid traffic tickets. If a voter got a ticket, he simply took it to his local
ward boss and the ticket was taken care of. At Christmas the ward boss distributed food baskets to
the poor. If a person wanted a job with the city he did not stand in a line at the city employment
office, He simply went to see his ward boss, who gave him a note to take to city hall where he was
hired. What did the ward boss want in return? At election time everyone in the ward voted for the
Democrat candidates so our political machine could stay in power. Political machines put a personal
face on city government.
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33.
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At the turn of the century the cities were filled with immigrants who had many
problems. One of the reasons political bosses became so powerful was because they helped people to
solve their problems.
a. | false, the bosses stole from the immigrants | c. | false, the bosses only cared about
the rich people who lived in the cities | b. | the statement is true | d. | false, the bosses did not really have much
power |
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IMMIGRANTS AND THE POLITICAL MACHINE
![nar008-1.jpg](cst_ch-7_files/nar008-1.jpg)
Immigrants received
sympathetic understanding from the political machines and in turn became loyal supporters. Many
political bosses were first-generation or second-generation immigrants who had been raised in
poverty. Few were educated beyond grammar school. They entered politics early and worked their way up
from the bottom. They could speak to immigrants in their own language and understood the challenges
that newcomers faced. The bosses not only understood the immigrants' problems but were able to
provide solutions. The machines helped immigrants become naturalized, find places to live, and get
jobs-the newcomers' most pressing needs. In return, the immigrants provided what the political
bosses needed most-votes.
"Big Jim" Pendergast, an Irish-American saloonkeeper,
worked his way up from precinct captain to Democratic city boss in Kansas City by aiding Italian,
African-American, and Irish voters in his ward. By 1900, he controlled Missouri state politics as
well, because he effectively gathered political support.
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34.
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"Big Jim" Pendergast, was a political boss in
a. | Philadelphia and Kansas City | c. | Chicago and Kansas
City | b. | Ireland and Kansas City | d. | Kansas City and Missouri |
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Municipal Graft and Scandal
Although the well-oiled political machines
provided city dwellers with vital services, many political bosses fell victim to greed and corruption
as their power and influence grew.
ELECTION FRAUD AND GRAFT
Since the power of political machines
and the loyalty of voters were not always enough to carry an election, some political machines turned
to fraud. They padded the lists of eligible voters with the names of dogs, children, and people who
had died. Then, under those names, they cast as many votes as were needed to win. In a Philadelphia
election, for example, a precinct with 100 registered voters returned 252 votes.
Once a
political machine got its candidates into office, it could take advantage of numerous opportunities
for graft. For example, after hiring a person to work on a construction project for the city, a
political machine could ask the worker to turn in a bill that was higher than the actual cost of
materials and labor. The worker then "kicked back" a portion of the earnings to the
machine. Taking these kickbacks, or illegal payments, for their services made many political
machines-and individual politicians-very wealthy.
Other ways that political machines made
money were by granting favors to businesses in return for cash and by accepting bribes to allow
illegal activities, such as gambling, to flourish. Politicians were able to get away with shady
dealings because the police rarely interfered. Until about 1890, police forces were hired and
fired by political bosses.
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35.
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Political machines
a. | believed in fairness and refused to fix elections | c. | fixed elections and did what they
needed to do, legal or not, to win | b. | did not tamper with elections because they
supported the idea of democracy | d. | did not base their power on elections |
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36.
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The political bosses took kick-backs from workers. A kick-back is
a. | legal in most cities today | c. | a form of
taxation | b. | a form of graft | d. | a social service |
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THE TWEED RING SCANDAL
![nar010-1.jpg](cst_ch-7_files/nar010-1.jpg)
William Marcy Tweed, one
of the earliest and most powerful bosses, became head of Tammany Hall, New York City's powerful
Democratic political machine, in 1868. Between 1869 and 1871, the Tweed Ring, a
group of corrupt politicians led by Boss Tweed, pocketed as much as $200 million from the city in
kickbacks and payoffs. One scheme involving extravagant graft was the construction of the New York
County Courthouse, which cost taxpayers 811 million. The actual construction cost was $3
million; the rest of the money went into the pockets of Tweed and his followers.
The
widespread, profound graft practiced by Tammany Hall under Boss Tweed's leadership gradually
aroused public outrage. Thomas Nast, a political cartoonist, ridiculed Tweed in the New York Times
and in Harper's Weekly. Nast's work particularly angered Tweed, who reportedly
said, "I don't care what the papers write about me-my constituents can't read; but ...
they can see pictures!"
The Tweed Ring was finally broken in 1871. Tweed was
indicted on 120 counts of fraud and extortion, and in 1873 he was sentenced to 12 years in
jail. After serving two years of his sentence, Tweed escaped. He was later captured in Spain when
Spanish officials identified him from a Thomas Nast cartoon. By that time, corruption had become an
issue in national politics.
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37.
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Boss Tweed
a. | was a political machine boss | d. | all of these are
true | b. | was governor of New York | e. | none of these are true | c. | a New York church
reformer |
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38.
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Tammany Hall
a. | was the name for a New York reform group | c. | was a “gay nineties”
music hall | b. | was a name for the New Youk political machine | d. | a sports arena |
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39.
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The Tweed Ring
a. | was a group of honest business leaders in New York | c. | was a group of corrupt political
machine leaders led by Boss Tweed | b. | was a group of Republicans loyal to Abraham
Lincoln | d. | Boss Tweed’s
poker playing buddies |
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Politics of the Gilded Age The era in American history from the end of the Civil War (1861-1865) to the turn
of the century is known as the "Gilded Age". The name was given to the period by Mark
Twain and Charles Dudley Warner, who poked fun at the period for its rampant corruption. Although
perhaps the least popularly known of all eras of American history, the Gilded Age was extremely
important in the formation of modern America. It was a time of dynamic change in various areas,
including politics, business, labor unions, race relations, intellectual history, the role of women,
foreign affairs, technology, etc. These changes were linked in various ways. Although the Gilded
Age, like Twain and Warner's fictional era, was a time of unrestricted corruption, it was also a
time of movement toward political reform. Civil Service Replaces Patronage
The
desire for power and money that made local politics corrupt in the industrial age also infected
national politics.
PATRONAGE AND THE SPOILS SYSTEM SPUR REFORM
Since the
beginning of the 19th century, presidents had complained about the problem of Patronage, or the
giving of government jobs to people who had helped a candidate get elected. The theory was that
winning candidates deserved the spoils, or the benefits to be seized after a victory. This method of
rewarding political supporters existed as far back as Andrew Jackson's presidency and was known
as the spoils system.
People from cabinet members to workers who scrubbed the steps of the
Capitol owed their jobs to patronage. As might be expected, some government employees were not
qualified for the positions they filled. Moreover, political appointees, whether qualified or
not, sometimes used their positions for personal gain.
The spoils system not only led to
incompetence and fraud but also interfered with the daily functioning of government. With each change
of administration, thousands of positions had to be filled. Instead of addressing important national
issues, politicians distributed government jobs.
Reformers began to press for a federal
merit system to replace the spoils system. Under the merit system, jobs in civil
service-government administration- would go to the most qualified persons, no matter what political
views they held or who recommended them. Civil servants would keep their jobs as long as their work
was satisfactory.
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40.
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A politician gives jobs and favors to the people who helped him get elected.
This is called
a. | ethical politics | c. | the electoral college | b. | patronage | d. | winner take all |
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41.
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The system of giving supporters patronage after an election is called
a. | democracy | c. | federalism | b. | capitalism | d. | the spoils
system |
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42.
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Reformers of the Gilded Age wanted government employment to be
a. | based on ability | c. | rewards for political service | b. | easy to get
| d. | hard to
get |
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HAYES LAUNCHES REFORM
About a month after being declared the winner of the
1876 election, President Rutherford B. Hayes wrote in his diary, "Now for Civil-Service
Reform." Hayes could not get legislative support for his ideas, so he used other
means.
Hayes began by naming independents to his cabinet. One of these officials took the
unheard-of step of firing clerks who had no work to do. Hayes also set up a commission to investigate
the nation's customhouses, which were notoriously corrupt. On the basis of the commission's
report, Hayes fired the two top officials of New York City's customhouse, where all of the
more than 1,000 employees had spent most of their time working for the Republican Party. These
firings enraged the Republican New York senator and political boss Roscoe Conkling and his
supporters, the Stalwarts.
GARFIELD CONTINUES REFORM
Hayes decided not to
run for reelection in 1880. At the Republican convention, a free-for-all broke out between the
Stalwarts-who opposed changes in the spoils system-and reformers. The reformers themselves
were split. One group, the Mugwumps, wanted civil service reform, while the other, the Half-Breeds,
wanted reform but were loyal to the party. Since neither Stalwarts nor reformers could win a
majority of delegates, the convention settled on an independent presidential candidate, Ohio
congressman James A. Garfield.
Garfield had ties to reformers, however, so to balance the
ticket, the Republicans nominated for vice-president one of Conkling's supporters, Chester A.
Arthur. Arthur, in fact, was one of the two New York customhouse officials Hayes had fired. Despite
Arthur's inclusion on the ticket, Garfield gave reform Republicans most of his patronage jobs
once he was elected. The Stalwarts were furious.
On July 2, 1881, as President Garfield
walked through the Washington, D.C., train station, two gunshots were fired, both wounding the
president. His attacker, a mentally unbalanced lawyer named Charles Guiteau, whom Garfield had
turned down for a job, shouted, "I did it and I will go to jail for it. I am a Stalwart and
Arthur will be president." Garfield finally died from his wounds on September 19, killed, some
say, not so much by the bullets as by his doctors' blundering. In any case, Guiteau was
convicted of murder and was hanged.
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43.
|
Rutherford Hayes wanted to reform
a. | the American army | c. | the way politicians were elected | b. | the civil service
| d. | the budget
system |
|
|
44.
|
At the Republican convention in 1880, persons who wanted reform were
called
a. | Mugwumps | c. | Stalwarts | b. | half-breeds | d. | Conservatives |
|
|
45.
|
The person who most opposed Republican President Hayes was political boss _____
and his supporters, called _____.
a. | James Garfield - Mugwumps | c. | Roscoe Conkling -
Stalwarts | b. | James Garfield - Stalwarts | d. | Roscoe Conkling - Mugwumps |
|
|
46.
|
At the Republican convention in 1880, persons who wanted reform but remained
loyal to the party were called
a. | Mugwumps | c. | Stalwarts | b. | half-breeds | d. | Liberals |
|
Matching
|
|
|
a. | Gentlemen’s Agreement | h. | melting pot | b. | settlement house
| i. | dumbbell tenement
| c. | Angel Island | j. | row house | d. | political machine | k. | Ellis Island | e. | Social Gospel
movement | l. | Jane Addams
| f. | Americanization movement | m. | urbanization | g. | Chinese Exclusion Act | n. | culture shock |
|
|
47.
|
The growth of cities
|
|
48.
|
Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the East Coast
|
|
49.
|
Movement that urged people to help the poor
|
|
50.
|
a mixture of different cultures living together
|
|
51.
|
Program to teach American culture to immigrants
|
|
52.
|
Community center that addressed problems in slum neighborhoods
|
|
53.
|
Home that shared side walls with other similar homes
|
|
54.
|
Confusion and worry from experiencing a new culture
|
|
55.
|
Agreement that limited Japanese emigration to U.S.
|
|
56.
|
Social reformer who helped the poor, supported unions and opposed war
|
|
57.
|
Inspection station for immigrants arriving on the West Coast
|
|
58.
|
Apartment building shaped like a barbell
|
|
59.
|
A group that controlled a political party
|
|
60.
|
Act that limited Chinese immigration
|
|
|
a. | Tammany Hall | h. | kickback | b. | Stalwarts | i. | James A. Garfield | c. | Chester A. Arthur
| j. | Thomas
Nast | d. | Tweed Ring | k. | civil service | e. | Benjamin Harrison | l. | Rutherford B. Hayes | f. | patronage
| m. | Grover Cleveland
| g. | Pendleton Act | n. | graft |
|
|
61.
|
The giving of government jobs to supporters
|
|
62.
|
Politicians who supported the patronage system
|
|
63.
|
Illegal use of political influence for personal gain
|
|
64.
|
23rd president of the United States passed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 -
Lost eh popular vote for president but won the electoral vote
|
|
65.
|
Political cartoonist who ridiculed Boss Tweed
|
|
66.
|
20th president of the United States who was assassinated by an
anarchist
|
|
67.
|
A powerful political machine in New York
|
|
68.
|
Act that implemented merit system in civil service hiring
|
|
69.
|
Illegal payment of a portion of one’s earnings to someone else
|
|
70.
|
22nd and 24th president of the United States who was elected twice
for president at different times. Was opposed to federal income tax
|
|
71.
|
19th president of the United States who reformed the civil service
system
|
|
72.
|
Group of corrupt politicians led by Boss Tweed
|
|
73.
|
21st President of the United States opposed by the stalwarts and became
president when James Garfield was assassinated
|
|
74.
|
The entire government administration
|