CST CH-2

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CST CH-2

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

A law passed by Parliament to try to raise money.

a.	Stamp Act	c.	Colonial Finance Act
b.	Royalty Act	d.	Sugar Act

Law passed by Parliament to make colonists buy a stamp to place on many items such as wills and newspapers.

a.	Stamp Act	c.	Postage Act
b.	Register Act	d.	U.S. Stamp Law

One of the founders of the Sons of Liberty

a.	General Cornwallis	c.	Benjamin Franklin
b.	Samuel Adams	d.	George Wallace

Conflict between colonists and British soldiers in which four colonists were killed.

a.	Boston Massacre	c.	Battle of Trenton
b.	Battle of Germantown	d.	Philadelphia Massacre

Protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston Harbor.

a.	Boston Tea Protest	c.	Boston Tea Meeting
b.	Boston Tea Massacre	d.	Boston Tea Party

King of England during the American Revolution

a.	King George I	c.	King George III
b.	King George II	d.	King George IV

English philosopher who believed people had natural rights to life, liberty, and property

a.	Nathonal Hawthorne	c.	Winston Churchill
b.	John Locke	d.	Baron von Stuben

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that attacked monarchy

a.	Liberty	c.	Liberty from Oppression
b.	Let Facts Be Submitted to a Candid World	d.	Common Sense

Main author of the Declaration of Independence

a.	Thomas Jefferson	c.	George Washington
b.	Benjamin Franklin	d.	John Adams

10.

Document that said the United States was an independent nation

a.	Constitution of U.S.	c.	Declaration of Independence
b.	Bill of Rights	d.	U.S. Magna Carta

11.

Colonists who were loyal to Britain

a.	Loyalists	c.	Red Coats
b.	Patriots	d.	Britishers

12.

An early Federalist leader

a.	Abraham Lincoln	c.	Alexander Hamilton
b.	John Brown	d.	Thomas Johnson of Philadelphia

13.

Laws that made it harder to become a citizen and created harsh punishments for people who criticize the government

a.	Blue laws of Boston	c.	Bill of Rights for Aliens
b.	Immigration and Naturalization Act	d.	Alien and Sedition Act

14.

Person opposed to ratification of the new Constitution

a.	Anti-Libertarian	c.	Anti-Republican
b.	Anti-Federalist	d.	Anti-Democrat

15.

The first government of the United States

a.	Articles of Confederation	c.	Declaration of Independence
b.	U.S. Constitution	d.	Bill of Rights

16.

Set of amendments passed to protect individual rights

a.	Bill of Rights	c.	Colonial Amendments
b.	1776 Amendments	d.	Liberty Amendments

17.

Chief advisors of the president

a.	national security council	c.	chiefs of staff
b.	cabinet	d.	Joint Chiefs of Staff

18.

British general

a.	General Von Steubin	c.	General Cornwallis
b.	General Patton	d.	General Washington

19.

Powers given to separate branches of government to keep any one from getting too much power

a.	elastic clause	c.	strict constructivism
b.	checks and balances	d.	loose constructivism

20.

Party led by Jefferson

a.	Democrat	c.	Democratic Republican
b.	Republican	d.	Federalist

21.

A belief in equality

a.	egalitarianism	c.	Rationalism
b.	libertarian	d.	oligarchy

22.

Supporter of the new Constitution

a.	Whigs	c.	Libertarians
b.	anti-Federalist	d.	Federalists

23.

Rise in the price of goods

a.	depression	c.	recession
b.	inflation	d.	Colonial capitalism

24.

One of the leaders of the Constitutional Convention

a.	Thomas Jefferson	c.	James Madison
b.	Thomas Paine	d.	William Montgomery

25.

Negotiated treaty with Britain over territory

a.	Alexander Hamilton	c.	William McKinley
b.	George Wallace	d.	John Jay

26.

Law that set up the national court system

a.	Brown v Board of Education	c.	Judiciary Act of 1789
b.	Colonial Court System Act of 1776	d.	Jefferson Treaty

27.

French noble who helped the Americans

a.	Charles De Gaulle	c.	Pepe La Pew
b.	Marquis de Lafayette	d.	Jocque Jueroque

28.

Law that organized the Northwest Territories

a.	Indian Lands Act of 1788	c.	Northwest American Lands Act
b.	Northwest Ordinance of 1787	d.	Northwest Territories Land Act

29.

State effort to cancel a federal law

a.	reapportionment	c.	initiative
b.	nullification	d.	state secession

30.

Colonists who wanted independence from Britain

a.	Patriots	c.	Partisans
b.	Loyalists	d.	Red Coats

31.

Tax on imported goods to protect domestic business

a.	Protective Tariff	c.	Import expenditures
b.	Taxation with Representation	d.	Export expenditures

32.

Official approval of the Constitution

a.	ratification	c.	judication
b.	verification	d.	assimilation

33.

A government in which the people elect representatives to govern

a.	Democratic	c.	democratic
b.	Republican	d.	republican

34.

Battle won by the Americans in 1777

a.	Bull Run	c.	Germantown
b.	Saratoga	d.	Trenton

35.

Anti-tax protest by farmers

a.	No Taxation Protest of 1788	c.	IRS Rebellion
b.	New York “No Tax” Riots	d.	Shay’s Rebellion

36.

Treaty that officially ended the war

a.	London Peace Treaty	c.	Treaty of Paris
b.	Treaty of Versailles	d.	Vienna Peace Treaty

37.

Political system where two political parties compete for power

a.	bi-lingual political system	c.	bi-cameral system
b.	duel election system	d.	two party system

38.

Place where Washington’s army spent the winter of 1777–1778

a.	Germantown, Philadelphia	c.	Yorktown
b.	Valley Forge	d.	Trenton

39.

American anger over bribes demanded by French diplomats

a.	x, y, z affair	c.	Zenger letter
b.	French greed affair	d.	French anti-Bush policies

40.

Battle that gave the Americans victory in the war

a.	Trenton	c.	Lexington
b.	Germantown	d.	Yorktown

41.

Under the Articles of Confederation, how many votes did each state have on issues?

a.	one	c.	total house and senate seats
b.	two	d.	based on population of state

42.

The Articles of Confederation made the national government ...

a.	strong	c.	no effect
b.	weak	d.	more democratic

43.

In 1787 many farmers in western Massachusetts were in danger of loosing their farms so Daniel Shays led a revolt against the state. Why were they in danger of loosing their farms?

a.	Government environmental laws	c.	high taxes
b.	Attack by Indians	d.	lawyers and land developers

44.

At the Constitutional Convention the South wanted to count the slaves as citizens because it would give their states more representatives in the new government. The North did not want to count the slaves. What compromise did the North and South reach over this issue?

a.	do not count the slaves	c.	count each slave as 3/5 of a citizen
b.	count all slaves	d.	count each slave as 3/4 of a citizen

45.

What were the Federalist Papers?

a.	A Pennsylvania report on the proceedings at the Constitutional Convention	c.	A series of 85 essays defending the Constitution that appeared in the New York newspapers.
b.	The secret papers of James Madison	d.	A series of 76 Anti-Federalist essays the appeared in the New York newspapers.

46.

What are the first ten amendments to the Constitution called?

a.	First Ten Amendments	c.	The Caucus Amendments
b.	Bill of Rights	d.	The Procedural Amendments

47.

A person who believed in a strong central government with representation in the government based on the population of the states.

a.	Federalist	c.	Royalist
b.	Anti-Federalist	d.	Libertarian

48.

A person who believed in a weak central government and strong state governments. Representation in the central government should be "one state, one vote."

a.	Federalist	c.	Royalist
b.	Anti-Federalist	d.	Libertarian

49.

Republicanism is the idea that ...

a.	a strong national government should hold supreme power	c.	government is necessary to force people to place the national good above their personal interests.
b.	government should be based on the consent of the people	d.	all of these

50.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787

a.	claimed all lands west of the Appalachian Mountains for the United States	c.	established procedures by which the original states could legalize claims to western lands
b.	Established procedures for western lands to become territories and eventually states	d.	all of these

51.

The Great Compromise proposed that a state's representation in the House of Representatives would be determined by

a.	the size of the state's population	c.	the size of the state's slave population
b.	the size of the state's land area	d.	two representatives from each state

52.

The delegates established a system of checks and balances to

a.	limit the authority of the national government	c.	prevent any one federal branch from dominating the other two
b.	ensure a way of changing the Constitution	d.	be able to pay out money for the new government

53.

Ratification of the Constitution required approval by

a.	Congress	c.	all thirteen states
b.	nine states	d.	seven states

54.

The elastic clause in the Constitution allows for

a.	limiting the power of the government	c.	detailed descriptions of the powers of each branch of government
b.	flexibility to meet the changing needs of the people	d.	three branches of government

55.

Which of the following statements about the Bill of Rights is true.

a.	The Bill of Rights is not part of the Constitution	c.	The Bill of Rights can not be changed
b.	The Bill of Rights can be changed	d.	The Bill of Rights only applies to citizens of the United States

56.

This person was a key figure in writing the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. He is the author of the Virginia Plan and is sometimes called the "Father of the Constitution."

a.	George Washington	c.	Benjamin Franklin
b.	Thomas Paine	d.	James Madison

57.

Which of the following was not a key conflict at the Constitutional Convention.

a.	Central Government vs. Strong States	c.	Republicans vs. Democrats
b.	Large States vs. Small States	d.	North vs. South

58.

What was the first state to ratify the new constitution?

a.	Delaware	c.	New Jersey
b.	Virginia	d.	Pennsylvania

59.

Which Amendment guarantees citizens the right to free speech?

a.	First	c.	Third
b.	Second	d.	Fourth

60.

Which Amendment guarantees citizens the right to assemble in groups and protest the government?

a.	First	c.	Fifth
b.	Fourth	d.	Sixth

Definitions
The executive branch of government is the president. The president is the chief executive.
The legislative branch of government is the congress. It is the place where the laws are made.
The judicial branch is the court system. It is the place that runs the courts and makes decisions.

From Colonies to States

A constitution is a set of laws that a state or government uses to run their state or government. In May 1776, the Second Continental Congress directed the colonies to form "such governments as shall . . . be conducive to the happiness and safety of their constituents [voters]." During the next several years, all thirteen states for constitutions to replace their colonial constitutions. Eleven of these constitutions were completely new. The other two, those of Rhode Island and Connecticut, were old royal charters with minor changes. Seven of the new constitutions contained bills of rights that defined the personal liberties of all state citizens. All the constitutions called for Limited government.

Many citizens feared the establishment of a strong central government because of their experiences under British rule. They opposed any form of government that even seemed like monarchy. Thus, they did not favor government by a strong executive authority-a person with wide-reaching administrative powers. They preferred to place government in the hands of an elected legislative body. Where citizens were most strongly opposed to monarchy, the legislatures became all-powerful. The legislatures of Pennsylvania and Georgia were unchecked by executive authority. Indeed, the executive branch was weak in most states. This situation would continue until the U.S. Constitution was ratified

61.

Which branch of government does President Bush belong to?

a.	executive	c.	judicial
b.	legislative	d.	as president he belongs to all three

62.

By reading this passage we can infer that

a.	most colonists trusted the executives more than the legislatures	c.	most colonists wanted a strong court system to control a reckless legislature
b.	most colonists trusted the legislatures more than the executives	d.	the judicial and executive branches were stronger than the legislatures in 1776

63.

Parliament is to congress as a king is to

a.	a judge	c.	George III
b.	a president	d.	the church

The Articles of Confederation
The colonists' fear of a strong central government influenced the thinking of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. A committee named by the congress to draft a plan for a national government drew up a plan for a confederation-a voluntary association of independent states. In a confederation, the member states agree to let the central government undertake a limited number of activities, such as forming an army. But the member states do not allow many restrictions on their own actions. They typically can govern most state affairs as they see fit.

On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress agreed on a draft of the plan, which was finally signed by all thirteen states on March 1, 1781. The Articles of Confederation, the result of this plan, served as this nation's first national constitution. In spite of serious weaknesses, the Articles represented an important step in the creation of our governmental system.

64.

Under the Articles of Confederation, where did most of the power reside?

a.	with the central government	c.	with the states
b.	with the people	d.	power was distributed evenly

65.

What is the main idea of the passage above.

a.	the Articles of Confederation were created in the Second Continental Congress	c.	The Articles were signed in 1781
b.	the Articles of Confederation were an important step in the creation of our government.	d.	There is no clear central idea to this passage

The Government of the Confederation
Under the Articles of Confederation, the Congress of the Confederation was the central governing body for all the states. This body was an assembly of ambassadors, as they were called, from the various states. Each state could send from two to seven ambassadors to the congress; but each state, no matter what its size, had only one vote. Sovereignty was an important issue in the Articles of Confederation: Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled

66.

What was the most important issue in the Articles of confederation?

a.	money and taxes	c.	the creation of an army
b.	sovereignty of the states	d.	parliaments treatment of the colonies

67.

Which word comes closest to the meaning of the word, sovereignty?

a.	faithful	c.	weak
b.	religious	d.	independence

68.

In a confederation, the states are more powerful than the central government. That is one of the main issues in government today, who is to have the power, the states or the central government. This statement is

true

false

The Powers of Congress under the Articles
Congress had several powers under the Articles of Confederation, including the powers to do the following:

·      Enter into treaties and alliances.
·      Establish and control armed forces.
·      Declare war and make peace.
·      Regulate coinage (but not paper money).
·      Borrow money from the people.
·      Create a postal system.
·      Regulate Indian affairs.
·      Set standards of weights and measures.
·      Create courts for problems related to ships at sea.
·      Settle disputes between the states under certain circumstances.
·      Guarantee that citizens visiting other states would have the same rights and privileges as the state's residents.

69.

Under the Articles of Confederation, Pennsylvania could treat the people of New York differently than its own people

true

false

70.

Under the Articles of Confederation Congress had power over _____

a.	Great Britain	c.	the Supreme Court
b.	all the states	d.	France

71.

Which is not a power that congress had under the Articles of Confederation?

a.	create a post office system	c.	control the indians
b.	say the weight of an ounce	d.	regulate paper money

72.

Under the Articles of Confederation, New York could join with France to fight a war with Spain

true

false

Under the Articles, the Congress of the Confederation accomplished a number of things.

Certain states' claims to western lands were settled with the Northwest Ordinance. This law established a basic pattern for how states should govern new territories north of the Ohio River. Additionally, and perhaps most importantly, the United States under the Articles of Confederation won the Revolutionary War. Congress was then able to negotiate a peace treaty with Great Britain, the Treaty of Paris, which was signed in 1783. Under the treaty, Britain recognized American independence. Britain also granted the United States all of the territory from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River and from the Great Lakes and Canada to what is now northern Florida.

The Articles of Confederation were, in a sense, an unplanned experiment that tested some of the principles of government set forth earlier in the Declaration of Independence. Some argue that without the experience of government under the Articles of Confederation, it would have been difficult, if not impossible, to arrive at the compromises that were put into the Constitution several years later.

73.

What is the main idea of the passage above?

a.	the Articles of Confederation did some important things and were an important first step in creating our government	c.	the Northwest Ordinance was the most important accomplishment of the government under the Articles of Confederation
b.	the states should have had more power under the Articles of Confederation	d.	the Treaty of Paris was the most important accomplishment of the government under the Articles of Confederation

74.

When the colonists were fighting Great Britain in the Revolutionary war, what set of laws were used to govern the colonies?

a.	the Constitution of the U.S.	c.	the Articles of Confederation
b.	the Declaration of Independence	d.	the Treaty of Paris

Weaknesses of the Government of the Confederation
In spite of its accomplishments, the government created by the Articles was weak. Because of its lack of power, the central government had a difficult time coping with the problems that the growing nation was facing. The Articles of Confederation also had other major weaknesses. These weaknesses stemmed from the fact that the government under the Articles was made up of independent states that had no intention of giving up their sovereignty. Much of the functioning of the government under the Articles depended on the goodwill of the states. Article 3, for example, simply established a "league of friendship" among the states, with no central government intended

75.

The main weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that

a.	the central government had too much power	c.	the states had too little power
b.	the central government did not have enough power	d.	the kind retained too much power over the colonies


Weakness of Articles of Confederation		Result of the Weaknesses
Congress could not force the states to provide military troops.		Congress could not draft soldiers to form a standing army.
Congress could not regulate commerce between the states or with other nations.		Each state was free to set up its own system of taxes on goods imported from other states. Economic quarrels among the states broke out. Trading with other nations was difficult.
Congress could enter into treaties but could not enforce its agreements or control foreign relations.		The states were not forced to respect treaties. Many states entered into treaties independently of Congress.
Congress could not issue paper money.		Each state issued its own paper money; currencies among the states differed tremendously in value.
Congress could not directly tax the people.		Congress had to rely on the states to collect and forward taxes, which the states were reluctant to do. The central government was always short of money.
Congress had no power to enforce its laws.		The central government depended on the states to enforce its laws, which they rarely did.
Nine states had to approve any law before it was enacted.		Laws were difficult to enact
Any amendment to the Articles required the consent of all thirteen states.		I t was almost impossible to change the powers of the central government
There was no national judicial system.		Most disputes among the states could not be settled by the national government
There was no executive branch.		Coordinating the work of the central government was almost impossible

76.

Under the Articles of Confederation why was it hard to pass laws

a.	there was no congress	c.	the president was weak
b.	it took too many state votes to pass a law	d.	the president was too strong

77.

If Maryland had a dispute with Virginia, the central government could not help to settle the argument. Why?

a.	under the Articles of Confederation there was no court system	c.	the Treaty of Paris did not allow for disputes
b.	there was no army	d.	only the church could settle disputes

A Time of Crisis-The 1780S

The actual fighting during the Revolutionary War ended with the surrender of General Charles Cornwallis in Yorktown on October 18, 1781. Although peace with the British, formally achieved in 1783, may have been won, peace within the new nation was hard to find. The states bickered among themselves and refused to support the new central government in almost every way. The states also increasingly taxed each other's goods and at times even prevented trade altogether. As George Washington stated, "We are one nation today and thirteen tomorrow. Who will treat us on such terms?"

By 1784, the new nation was suffering from a serious economic depression. Banks were calling in old loans and refusing to give new ones. People who could not pay their debts were often thrown into prison. The tempers of angry farmers reached a boiling point in a well known event that occurred in August 1786-Shays's Rebellion.

78.

After the Revolutionary War was over, why did the states start bickering with each other.

a.	the state governments were too weak	c.	the states wanted the King to come into power
b.	the states did not like Great Britain	d.	the central government was too weak

79.

What was the final battle of the Revolutionary War

a.	Battle of Cornwallis	c.	Battle of Valley Forge
b.	Battle of Yorktown	d.	Shays Rebellion

Shays's Rebellion

Daniel Shays, along with approximately two thousand armed farmers, seized county courthouses and disrupted debtors' trials. Shays's men then launched an attack on the national government arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts, where weapons were stored. The rebellion continued to spread and grow in intensity. It lasted into the winter, when it was finally stopped by the Massachusetts militia.

The revolt had an important effect. It frightened American political and business leaders and caused national government had to be created. That central government had to be strong enough to maintain order and to cope with the serious economic problems facing the nation.

80.

What was the main thing the Shay’s rebellion proved.

a.	the debt laws needed to be revised	c.	without a strong central government individual states could be overthrown
b.	the state governments were not providing enough services for their citizens	d.	Daniel Shay did not like the strong church in his state

81.

Shay’s rebellion caused concern throughout the colonies

true

false

The constitution that we live under today was written in Philadelphia at the Constitutional Convention. Before the Philadelphia convention, there was the Annapolis convention.

The Virginia legislature called for a meeting, or convention, of all of the states at Annapolis, Maryland, on September 11, 1786. Unhappy members of the Congress of the Confederation agreed. Five of the thirteen states sent delegates, two of whom were Alexander Hamilton of New York and James Madison of Virginia. Both of these men favored a strong central government. Thus, they were called nationalists. They persuaded the other delegates to issue a report calling on the states to hold a convention in Philadelphia in May of the following year for the following purpose:

to take into consideration the situation of the United States, to devise such further provisions as shall appear to them necessary to render the constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union.

The Congress of the Confederation at first was reluctant to give its approval to the Philadelphia convention. By mid-February 1787, however, seven of the states had named delegates to the Philadelphia meeting. Finally, on February 21, the Congress called on the states to send delegates to Philadelphia "for the sole and expressed purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation." That Philadelphia meeting became the Constitutional Convention

82.

Hamilton and Madison were in favor of

a.	a weak central government	c.	strong state governments
b.	a strong central government	d.	a return to rule under the king

83.

Why was the Philadelphia convention called by congress?

a.	to create a new constitution	c.	to elect a president
b.	to create a new court system	d.	to revise the Articles of Confederation

Matching

a.	Quakers	l.	Hessians
b.	Burgoyne	m.	inflation
c.	Trenton	n.	Philadelphia
d.	Saratoga	o.	Mary Ludwig Hays
e.	Horatio Gates	p.	Patriot
f.	Loyalist	q.	Yorktown
g.	Friedrich Von Steuben	r.	Open support for revolution by the French
h.	Valley Forge	s.	Howe
i.	Novus Ordo Seclorum	t.	Treaty of Paris
j.	egalitarianism	u.	Marquis de Lafayette
k.	Cornwallis

84.

someone who supported the King of England

85.

Motto on riverside of American Great Seal which meant, “a new order of the ages.”

86.

A belief in the equality of all people. Ability, effort and virtue, not wealth or family, define one’s worth

87.

someone who supported the revolution against England

88.

Battle of Saratoga caused this

89.

Lowering the value of money

90.

Place in Pennsylvania where Patriot army spent a harsh winter with little food or shelter

91.

Took her husbands place at a canon after he was wounded at Battle of Monmouth

92.

Final big battle in Virginia, lost by the British

93.

Supported the revolution but did not fight because of religious beliefs

94.

General who led the British forces at the battle of Yorktown

95.

French aristocrat who fought with Washington and tried to get France to support the Americans

96.

Battle in October 1777 lost by the British giving a psychological boost to the revolutionaries

97.

Prussian (German) captain who helped to transform Washington’s army into a modern fighting force

98.

confirmed U.S. independence and set boundaries of the new republic

99.

Name of British General and Admiral who sailed into New York in 1776 with 32,000 troops

100.

Capital of the United States in 1776

101.

General who led British in Battle of Saratoga

102.

German troops hired to fight for the British

103.

Patriot General who beat British in Battle of Saratoga

104.

Battle in which Washington surprised and beat the British mercenaries by crossing the Delaware river