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Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

In the months following their victory in World War II, the alliance between the Soviet Union and the West quickly proves to be little more than a marriage of convenience.
Suspicion clouds relations -- while a curtain descends over Europe. Concerned about the expansion of a Communist dictatorship across much of Europe, Winston Churchill first used the term, “Iron Curtain”, in a speech in President Truman’s home town in Missouri. People listened to Churchill because he was one of the first to warn the world about Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany

Who imposed an “Iron Curtain” across Europe

a.	Germany	c.	The Allies
b.	Poland	d.	The Soviet Union

What was the “marriage of convenience” between the Soviet Union and the West?

a.	Working together to defeat Germany in WWII	c.	Working together to defeat Germany in the Cold War
b.	Working together to defeat Germany in WWI	d.	Working together to enforce the Treaty of Versailles

What country was Winston Churchill from?

a.	Missouri	c.	France
b.	The U.S.	d.	Great Britain

What was the iron curtain?

a.	A steel and barbed wire fence between Germany and the Soviet Union	c.	A division of Europe between the Communist countries in the East and the free countries in the West.
b.	A political division between Eastern Europe and Russia	d.	A division of Europe between the Communist countries in the West and the free countries in the East

After the Iron Curtain was imposed in Europe, which country found itself living under a Communist dictatorship?

a.	West Germany	c.	Austria
b.	East Germany	d.	None of these

HOMECOMINGS
The United States emerges from World War II with both its government and economy intact. In fact, the American war machine has revitalized the nation's businesses and brought affluence to more people on levels unimaginable during the pre-war Depression. Many Americans have more money to spend because people worked long hours in defense plants during the war and there was nothing to spend money on. No new homes were built, no new cars were manufactured and there was rationing on most consumer goods.
England is a small country and suffered from German bombing. France surrendered to Germany early in the war and suffered little, except for some towns and villages after the D Day invasion. The nations that suffered most were Germany and the Soviet Union. Millions died in both countries and their nations infrastructure was in ruins. The infrastructure of a nation includes such things as railroads, bridges, mines, factories, and roads.

After WWII most Americans found themselves

a.	better off financially	c.	about the same financially as they were before the war
b.	worse off financially	d.	with a great deal of debt because of credit purchases

Why was the American infrastructure left unharmed after WWII?

a.	Americans had rationing	c.	The continental U.S. was never bombed or attacked
b.	American factories were manufacturing war goods	d.	America was a Capitalist country

When was the Great Depression?

a.	post World War II	c.	during World War II
b.	pre World War II	d.	during the Cold War

Which countries suffered most during World WarII?

a.	U.S. and Great Britain	c.	Germany and Russia
b.	France	d.	France and Germany

CONQUERED, DIVIDED
Germany, which had terrorized and occupied much of the European continent, now finds itself divided among the victors. Four occupation zones are established, and each of the Allies sets up a sector in Berlin.
Meanwhile, national borders are being redrawn in an attempt to settle old scores. Millions of ethnic Germans are expelled from Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary.

10.

Which country is divided into four zones after World War II?

a.	France	c.	Soviet Union
b.	Russia	d.	Germany

11.

Which German city was divided into four zones after WWII?

a.	Hamburg	c.	Belgrade
b.	Berlin	d.	Stalingrad

SOVIET CONTROL
New power struggles spring up in many European countries following World War II, as communist and capitalist factions vie for control. The most notable and brutal example of these is the drawn-out civil war in Greece.
Many Americans are concerned because it seemed that the Soviet Union was extending its control over all of Eastern Europe. The Soviets were taking advantage of the political and social upheaval, brought about by World War II, to agitate for Communist revolutions throughout the world. World Communism was a continuation of the policy that the Soviet Union had before World War II.

12.

Why were Americans concerned with the events in Europe after World War II?

a.	Communist Russia was seizing control in many European Countries and setting up dictatorships	c.	The Soviets were threatening to revive the Nazi’s in Germany
b.	The Soviet Union was setting up democratic governments in many places in Europe	d.	France refused to support us in the United Nations

13.

What kind of government did the Soviet Union have?

a.	Democracy	c.	Totalitarian Dictatorship
b.	Democratic Socialist	d.	Democratic Communist

14.

Political and social conflict can often lead to ______ . This is was happened in Germany after World War I and what happened in many places throughout the world after World War II.

a.	democracy	c.	freedom
b.	totalitarianism	d.	stability

WARNINGS
Comments by Stalin in early 1946, that capitalism and imperialism made future wars inevitable, set off alarm bells in the West. George Kennan, a career U.S. diplomat in Moscow, was asked by the State Department for his view on Soviet motives and intentions. His famous cabled response warned there could be no permanent, peaceful coexistence with the Soviet Union.
Days after Kennan's telegram, Winston Churchill, the former British prime minister, arrives in the United States. He later speaks at a college in Fulton, Missouri, the home state of his host, U.S. President Harry Truman. It coined the phrase that best described the political and ideological divide between the Soviets and the West as the Cold War began.

15.

Who said that because of capitalism and imperialism, future war with the Soviet Union is inevitable?

a.	Joseph Stalin, leader of Great Britain	c.	Joseph Stalin, leader of Soviet Russia
b.	George Kennan	d.	Winston Churchill

16.

The comments by Joseph Stalin in 1946 showed that

a.	he wanted peaceful coexistence	c.	he saw the U.S. as an enemy
b.	he wanted war with the U.S. as soon as possible.	d.	he wanted friendship with the U.S.

17.

What is the phrase that best described the political and ideological divide between the Soviets and the West and signaled the start of the Cold War.

a.	Steel Curtain	c.	Partition of Germany
b.	Iron Curtain	d.	Berlin Wall

18.

Moscow is the capital of what country?

a.	Poland	c.	East Germany
b.	Germany	d.	Soviet Union

TRUMAN'S DOCTRINE
Churchill's "Iron Curtain" speech set the tenor for the growing tensions between the Soviet Union and its former allies.
The chill in relations between communism and the West coincides with the unusually bitter winter of 1946-47. As shortages and famine gripped an exhausted Europe, President Truman announced what became known as the Truman Doctrine.
The Truman Doctrine was first established in 1947 after Britain no longer could afford to provide anti-communist aid to Greece and Turkey, it pledged to provide U.S. military and economic aid to any nation threatened by communism.

19.

Shortages, famine and the cold winter benefited

a.	the U.S. who wanted to keep the European countries suppressed and under control	c.	the Soviet Union who wanted to foment communist revolutions in Europe
b.	the British who wanted to maintain control of its European colonies	d.	Germany who was evolving as a new economic super-power in Europe

20.

From this passage, we can infer that

a.	Truman respected Churchill	c.	Truman feared Churchill
b.	Churchill feared Truman	d.	Truman and Churchill were suspicious of each other.

21.

From this passage we can infer that

a.	The U.S., Britain, and Greece were allies	c.	The U.S. and Britain were allies
b.	The U.S. Britain and Turkey were allies	d.	The U.S., Britain, and Russia were allies