Name: 

In a _____ system, the central government has total control over the states or its constituent parts. Most of today's governments have this system. The United States does not, but its separate states do in regard to the local governments within them.

A _____ system of government is one in which the constitution divides power between a central government and regional governments, such as those in states. Each level of government has constitutional guarantees that its power is dominant within certain domains, but in general the levels share formal authority over the same territory

A basic principle of federalism provided in the U.S. Constitution, by which powers are divided between units of government (such as the federal and state governments), on a geographic basis.

A _____ power is a power Congress creates for the president through laws it enacts, such as the authority of the president to declare a national emergency. These powers are one of the president's powers written into the Constitution

An _____ is a power specifically vested in the federal government by the U.S. Constitution.

_____ are abilities of the federal government that exceed those specifically stated in the U.S. Constitution, which states that Congress has the authority to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article I of the Constitution. The federal government often introduces new policies on the basis of these powers or powers not specifically stated in the constitution

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to make all laws "_____r" for the federal government to carry out its responsibilities

Article I (Section 8) of the Constitution contains the _____, which grants Congress the authority to do whatever it must to carry out its specifically delegated powers.

The president's _____ is based on the Constitution's loosely vesting executive power in him or her and asking that the president make sure that the laws are "faithfully executed." The most frequently used power of this type is when a president invokes emergency powers during wartime.

The 10th Amendment to the Constitution contains the clause, which reserves powers to the people or the state that are not specifically reserved to the federal government

Powers held by both the federal and state governments in a federal system

State governments employ _____ when dealing with issues, activities, and policies that require them to interact with each other. The Constitution sets out three main rules that states must follow when using horizontal federalism: they must observe the full faith and credit clause, they must give to other states' citizens the benefits their own citizens receive, and they must comply with extradition

Known as the _____, the Constitution's Article IV, Section 2 orders states not to discriminate against each other's citizens. For instance, when a resident of Missouri travels to California, he or she may not be denied legal protection, the right to work, access to courts, the right to hold property, or the right to travel. In other words, one state may not withhold from a resident of another state the rights of other state citizens.

One who is not a citizen of the state or nation in which she or he lives

The _____ is written into the Constitution. It requires states to honor each other's laws and court rulings so that rights established under one state's wills, deeds, and contracts are legal in all the other states

_____ is the legal act of surrendering an accused or convicted criminal to authorities in the state or country from which he or she fled and in which the crime was committed

An 1861 ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court that upheld the right of the governor of Ohio to refuse an extradition request by the governor of Kentucky for a "free man of color" on charges that he had helped a slave escape to freedom.

_____ means that the people rule through their elected representatives and have ultimate power. The representatives do the actual policymaking. This system is enshrined in the Constitution

Contained in Article VI of the Constitution, the _____ orders that federal laws and legitimate, constitutional federal actions preempt state and local laws and actions when there is a conflict between the two. According to Article VI, the main law of the land comprises the Constitution, the national government if it acts constitutionally, and all treaties. The clause helped shift the United States from a loose confederation of states to a more centralized federal system

Historically speaking, _____ refers to a state withdrawing from the federal union. Prior to the Civil War, many Southern states seceded from the union over the issue of slavery and states' rights

_____ is a government system in which the national government and the states each have their own specific areas of power and rule unquestioned within them. It is the opposite of cooperative federalism

The theory that the states and the federal government should cooperate in solving problems.

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration was based on a series of programs known as the _____ that were designed to counter the effects of the Great Depression. These programs included handing out jobs for public works projects, low-rate farm loans, insurance for elderly and unemployed people, abolishment of child labor, slum clearance projects, and worker protection laws

A term coined by President Richard Nixon to describe the country's third phase of federalism, _____ was a plan to reduce and limit the government's power to regulate federal grants and, in addition, restore the states' power, giving them more authority over how government revenues should be spent.

The transfer of powers to political subunits